For Families

(Latin, et cetera) meaning "and so forth" or "and also"

born, birthdate

dead, deathdate, married to, Symbolic of an Episcopal or Catholic Priest.

first cousin (2c, second cousin, etc.)

once removed (2r, twice removed, etc.)

at

Aunt

(Augustiniani Assumptionis also known as Assumptionists) This congregation had its origin in the College of the Assumption, established in Nîmes France, in 1843, by the Rev. Emmanuel d'Alzon vicar-general of that diocese. For more information see the Catholic Encyclopedia at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02104a.htm

Artium Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Arts)

Antoniani Benedictini Armeni also known as Mechitarists. They are Armenian Benedictines, founded by Mechitar in 1712. For more information see the Catholic Encyclopedia at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10102b.htm

(Auditor Camerae) An official of the Roman Curia who originally had very extended powers, such as judging appeals against the decisions of bishops, and proceeding against bishops themselves in important cases and even punishing them without a special commission from the pope. He could also take cognizance of cases of criminal, and mixed jurisdiction in the States of the Church.

(Ante Diem) "the day before". For example; the phrase, "Ante Diem VI or Sextum Kal. Apriles", menas the sixth day before the Calends of April, counting both the Calends and the day intended to be indicated. Or (Anima Dulcis) which means "Sweet Soul".

Artium Magister ("Master of Arts")

(Latin Ante Meridiem) "Ante" translates to "before", Meridiem translates to "meridian" which refers to an imaginary line running from the southern horizon, passing directly overhead then ending at the northern horizon thus dividing the sky in to two halves. When the sun is in the eastern half of the sky it was be said to be "Ante Meridiem", or before the meridian, or in modern terms "before noon".

(Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam) translates to "For the greater glory of God" which is the moto of the "Daughters of the Queen of Heaven, Fillie Regine Coeli", a religious and charitable society founded at St. Louis, Mo., 5 Dec., 1889, by Miss Mary Hoxsey. For more information, see the Catholic Encyclopedia at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16069a.htm

(Anima Quiescat In Christo) translates to "May his or her Soul Repose in Christ"

(Anno Reparatae Salutis) translates to "In the year of Our Redemption"

(Alma Urbs) can be translated to "Beloved City". The phrase is oftened used as a synonym for the city of Rome, Italy.

Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine

American Antiquarian Society Proceedings

Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite (of Freemasons)

Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry

Bachelor of Arts

Abbas ("Abbot")

**Aberdeenshire**, one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland. Aberdeenshire has a rich prehistoric and historic heritage. It is the locus of a large number of Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites, including Longman Hill, Kempstone Hill, Catto Long Barrow and Cairn Lee. The present council area is named after the historic county of Aberdeen, which had different boundaries and was abolished in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. It was replaced by Grampian Regional Council and five district councils: Banff and Buchan, Gordon, Kincardine and Deeside, Moray and the City of Aberdeen. Local government functions were shared between the two levels. In 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994, the Banff and Buchan district, Gordon district and Kincardine and Deeside district were merged to form the present Aberdeenshire council area, with the other two districts becoming autonomous council areas.

Abigail

Agnes

Archbishop

Archbishop

Archbishop

Abraham

Absens ("Absent")

Absolutio ("Absolution")

Ante Christum, ancestor chart

Ante Christum ("Before Christ")

(Ante Christum Natum) translates to "Before the Birth of Christ".

Acoustics

American Civil War

Adopted

(Latin, Anno Domini) translates to "in the year of our Lord". It is used to represent the number of years since the birth of Christ. For example; 2011 AD or Annon Domini 2011 means "in the year of our Lord 2011" which is intended to mean 2011 years since the birth of Christ. However, the AD/BC calendaring system was based on a sixth-century estimate for the year in which Jesus was conceived or born. This year numbering system was devised by the monk Dionysius Exiguus in the year 525 to replace the Diocletian years because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians. He attempted to number years from an event he referred to as the Incarnation of Jesus. Scholars today generally agree that he miscalculated the year of Christ's birth with most scholars placing the event in what would today be numbered 4 BC.

(Latin, Anno Domini) translates to "in the year of our Lord". It is used to represent the number of years since the birth of Christ. For example; 2011 AD or Annon Domini 2011 means "in the year of our Lord 2011" which is intended to mean 2011 years since the birth of Christ. However, the AD/BC calendaring system was based on a sixth-century estimate for the year in which Jesus was conceived or born. This year numbering system was devised by the monk Dionysius Exiguus in the year 525 to replace the Diocletian years because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians. He attempted to number years from an event he referred to as the Incarnation of Jesus. Scholars today generally agree that he miscalculated the year of Christ's birth with most scholars placing the event in what would today be numbered 4 BC.

adopted child

Adopted child

Adopted daughter

adopted daughter

Adopted grandchild

Adopted mother

Admodum Reverendus ("Very Reverend")

letters of administration (related to British wills)

adopted son

Adopted son

Adventus ("Advent")

Ancient Egyptian Order of Sciots (Masons)

Ancient, Free, & Accepted Masons

Ancestral File database maintained by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

Ancient Free and Accepted Mason

American Family Records Association

Accredited Genealogist (FHL credential)

Agricultural Labourer (British censuses)

Armenian General Benevolent Union

American Genealogical Lending Library

Agnes

Association of Genealogists and Record Agents (Professional)

Agriculture

Ancient and Honorable Order of the Jersey Blues

Australian Imperial Forces

Accelerated Indexing System

Ancient Illuminated Seers of Bavaria

American Legion

Aunt-in-law

Albus ("White" Breviary)

Albanian

Alexander

Alfred or Alphonse

Algebra

Aliter ("Otherwise")

Master of Arts, Latin, anno mundi meaning year of the world, Latin, ante meridiem meaning before noon

Amos

Appleton's American Cyclopedia

American Revolution, American War for Independence

America, American

Ambrose

Index of emigrants from British Isles to USA and West Indies

Ancient Mystic Order Rosae Crucis

Ancient Mystic Order of Samaritans (Odd Fellows)

American Veterans

Annus ("Year")

Anne or Anna

Antiphon

Analytical Geometry

Anatomy

Ancient, anciently

Andrew

**Anglesey** /ˈæŋɡəlsi/, also known by its Welsh name Ynys Môn [ˈənɨs ˈmoːn], is an island and, as Isle of Anglesey, a county off the north west coast of Wales. Two bridges, spanning the Menai Strait, connect it to the mainland: the original Menai Suspension Bridge (carrying the A5), designed by Thomas Telford in 1826; and the more recently constructed Britannia Bridge (originally designed by Robert Stephenson); which carries the A55 and the North Wales Coast Railway Line. Historian and author John Davies argues that it was during the tumultuous 10th century that the Norse name for Môn, Anglesey, came into existence; the name was later adopted into English after Anglo-Norman occupiers arrived to conquer the island during the Norman invasions of Gwynedd. The name Anglesey was later used in the English language as a county name which included Holy Island and other nearby small islands. About half of the inhabitants can speak, read and write Welsh as well as English, and 70% have a knowledge of Welsh. Once the Welsh language was granted equal status in government with the Welsh Language Act, the representative constituency names for the island were changed to the Welsh name of the island, Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency) in the UK parliament, and Ynys Môn (Assembly constituency) in the National Assembly for Wales. With an area of 720 square kilometers (278 sq mi), Anglesey is the largest Welsh island, the sixth largest surrounding the island of Great Britain, and the largest island in the Irish Sea ahead of the Isle of Man.

Anglican Church

**Angus** (Aonghas in Gaelic) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Perth and Kinross and Dundee City. Angus was historically a county (known officially as Forfarshire from the eighteenth century until 1928, when it reverted to its ancient name) until 1975 when it became a district of the Tayside Region. In 1996, two-tier local government was abolished and Angus was established as a unitary authority. The former county had borders with Kincardineshire to the north-east, county of Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west. Southwards, it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The boundaries of the present council area are exactly the same as those of the old county minus the City of Dundee.

Anni ("Years")

Anthony

Anthony

Aniquities

Air Order of Battle

Ancient Order of Druids

Ancient Order of Degree Coopermen

Ancient Order of Foresters

Ancient Order of Hibernians

American Order of Pioneers

Ancient Order of United Workmen

apprentice

Apprentice

Apostolica Sedes ("Apostolic See")

Apostolicae Sedis Legatus ("Legate of the Apostolic See")

Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites

Association of Proferssional Genealogists, headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Association for Protection of Jewish Immigrants

Apostolus ("Apostle")

Appelate division

Approbatis ("Having been approved")

Apostolica ("Apostolic")

Assistant Quartermaster (US Civil War)

Assistant Quartermaster Remount Service (US Civil War)

Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Frederick Weis

Arabic

AR above, Seventh Edition (current)

American Red Cross

Architecture

Architectural Pub. Society

Archidiaconus ("Archdeacon")

Archiepiscopus ("Archbishop")

Archiepiscopus ("Archbishop")

Archipresbyter ("Archpriest")

**Argyll and Bute** (Scottish Gaelic: Earra-Ghaidheal agus Bòd pronounced [ɛrˠəˈɣɛːəlˠ̪ ɪs̪ pɔːtʲ]) is both one of 32 unitary council areas; and a Lieutenancy area in Scotland. The administrative centre for the council area is located in Lochgilphead. Argyll and Bute covers the second largest administrative area of any Scottish council. Including islands, there are over 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of coastline, and this is claimed to be more than for the whole of France. The council area adjoins those of Highland, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire. Its border runs through Loch Lomond. The present council area was created in 1996, when it was carved out of the Strathclyde region, which was a two-tier local government region of 19 districts, created in 1975. Argyll and Bute merged together the existing Argyll and Bute district and one ward of the Dumbarton district. The Dumbarton ward, called 'Helensburgh and Lomond', included the burgh of Helensburgh and consisted of an area to the west of Loch Lomond, north of the Firth of Clyde and mostly east of Loch Long. The council area can be described also by reference to divisions of the counties which were abolished in 1975. The council area includes most of the county of Argyll (Argyll minus the Morvern area, north of Mull, which became become part of the Highland region in 1975), part of the county of Bute (the Isle of Bute) and part of the county of Dunbartonshire (the Helensburgh and Lomond ward).

Arithmetic

Armorican

Antiquariorum Regiae Societatis Socius (Fellow of the Royal Society of Antiquaries)

Arthur

Anglo-Saxon

American Standard Code for Information Interchange a type of file on a computer that is usually readable / writable by most word processors

American Society of Freedmen's Descendants

American Society of Genealogists

Army Serial Number

assistant

Assistant

Astrology

Astronomy

Attendant

Attendant

Auctoritate ("By the Authority")

Augustus

Authentica ("Authentic" e.g. letters)

Auxilium, Auxilio ("Help", "With the help of")

Absent Without Leave (military)

**Ayrshire and Arran** is a lieutenancy area of Scotland. It consists of the Scottish council areas of East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire. The area has joint electoral, valuation and health boards. For electoral and valuation purposes, the same area is simply called Ayrshire. Ayrshire (Scots: Coontie o Ayrshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir Àir, pronounced [ʃirˠəxk iɲiˈɾʲaːɾʲ]) is a registration county, and former administrative county in south-west Scotland, United Kingdom, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. Its principal towns include Ayr, Kilmarnock and Irvine. Ayrshire, under the name the County of Ayr, is a registration county. The electoral and valuation area named Ayrshire covers the three council areas of South Ayrshire, East Ayrshire and North Ayrshire, therefore including the Isle of Arran, Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae. The three islands were part of the County of Bute until 1975 and are not always included when the term Ayrshire is applied to the region. The same area is known as Ayrshire and Arran in other contexts. The area became part of the kingdom of Scotland during the 11th century. In 1263, the Scots successfully drove off of the Norwegian leidang-army in a skirmish known as the Battle of Largs. A notable historic building in Ayrshire is Turnberry Castle, which dates from the 13th century or earlier, and which may have been the birthplace of Robert the Bruce. The historic shire or sheriffdom of Ayr was divided into three districts or bailieries which later made up the county of Ayrshire. The three districts were: 1. Carrick in the south. It was situated between the Doon and the wild district of Galloway in the adjoining Stewartries, an area that was little else than a vast tract of hills and mosses. 2. Kyle in the centre, which included the royal burgh of Ayr, occupied the central district between the Irwine on the north, and the Doon on the south and south-west, an area that is partly mountainous. It was subdivided into "Kyle Stewart", (sometimes called "Stewart Kyle" or "Walter's Kyle") and "King's Kyle," the former embracing the country between the Irvine and the Ayr; and the latter, the triangular portion between the Ayr and the Doon, which is honoured as the birth-place and youthful home of Robert Burns. 3. Cunninghame in the north which included the royal burgh of Irvine was that part of the county which lay north of the Irvine water, and was in an area that is generally level and fertile. The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 established a uniform system of county councils in Scotland and realigned the boundaries of many of Scotland’s counties. Ayr county council was created in 1890, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. In 1930 the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 was implemented. This re-designated the Burghs into large burghs and Small Burghs. This new categorisation influenced the level of autonomy that the Burghs enjoyed from the county council. The act also abolished the parish as a unit of local government in Scotland. In Ayrshire in excess of 30 parishes were consolidated into ten district councils. In May 1975 the county council was abolished and its functions transferred to Strathclyde Regional Council. The county area was divided between four new districts within the two-tier Strathclyde region: Cumnock and Doon Valley, Cunninghame, Kilmarnock and Loudoun and Kyle and Carrick. The Cunninghame district included the Isle of Arran, Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae, which had until then been administered as part of the County of Bute. In 1996 the two-tier system of regions and districts was abolished and Ayrshire was divided between the unitary council areas of East Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Kilmarnock & Loudon District and Cumnock & Doon Valley District), North Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Cunninghame District Council) and South Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Kyle and Carrick District).

about; age; aged; acre; aunt; (Latin "ante") meaning "before"

adjective

against all risks

attested copy, account current

ante diem ("The day before")

also known as

autographed letter signed

account of

letters of administration with will and codicil annexed

(Latin, anno aetatis suae) pronounced an-oh i-tey-tis soo-ee, it means in the year of his or her age.

abbreviation

abbreviated

abdicated

ablative

abridged, abridgment

abstract

abstract

about

academy

according to, account, accompanied

accusative

account

accurate

acknowledged

active

acting

adjoining, adjutant, adjourned

adjective

admission, admitted

administration, administrator

administration

administratrix

(Latin, ad sectam) meaning "at the suit of"

adverb

about the age of

aforesaid

affidavit

after

alii, alibi, alias ("others", "elsewhere", "otherwise")

alderman

allegiance

alphabetical; alphabetically

alias

at liberty to marry (Quaker)

ancestry, ancestor, ancient

annotated

another

anonymous

antiquary, antonym

antiquary, antiquities, antiquity, antiquarian

aorist

attending places of diversion; appointed; appealed (Quaker)

apprentice, aprpoximately, appendix, appointed

(Latin, apponit clamium) meaning "he or she stands by, joins or supports the claim"

appraisment

apprised, appeared

approximately

appointed

appendix

appointed

artillery company

arrived; arranged

ascertain, ascertained

assigned

assessor

association

associated, associate

association

attached to, attended (Quaker)

attorney

gold

auditor

augmentative

Brother

brother in law

born; baptized; black; Negro

Beaumont & Fletcher

Beatus, Beati ("Blessed")

Ben Jonson

Baccalaureus Scientiarum ("Bachelor of Sciences")

Bene Merenti ("To the Well Deserving")

Baccalaureus Artium ("Bachelor of Arts")

Bail Bond

(Before Christ) . It is used to represent the number of years before the birth of Christ. For example; 2011 BC is intended to mean 2011 years prior to the birth of Christ. However, the AD/BC calendaring system was based on a sixth-century estimate for the year in which Jesus was conceived or born. This year numbering system was devised by the monk Dionysius Exiguus in the year 525 to replace the Diocletian years because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians. He attempted to number years from an event he referred to as the Incarnation of Jesus. Scholars today generally agree that he miscalculated the year of Christ's birth with most scholars placing the event in what would today be numbered 4 BC or perhaps a few years earlier.

Baccalaureus Civilis [or Canonicae] Legis ("Bachelor of Civil [or Canon] Law")

Bachelor of Divinity

Bona Fide ("In Good Faith")

Bonae Feminae ("To the Good Woman")

Bibas (for Vivas) In Christo ("May you Live In Christ")

Bount Land Warrant

Bench Mark, British Museum

Bonae Memoriae ("Of Happy Memory")

Bene Merenti Fecit ("He erected this to the Well Deserving")

Beatissime Pater ("Most Holy Father")

Bene Quiescat ("May he or she Rest Well")

in court records, Bill of Sale

Bishop's Transcripts

Baccalaureus Theologiae ("Bachelor of Theology")

Baccalaureus Utriusque Juris ("Bachelor of Both Laws" i.e., civil and canon)

Beata Virgo ("Blessed Virgin")

Beata Virgo Maria ("Blessed Virgin Mary")

Bachelor of Arts

British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia

British Association for Local History

Banff

Banking

Bartender

Brigade of the American Revolution

Barbara

Benefit Association of Railway Employees

Bartholomew

bound boy

Bound boy

Bulletin Board System Phone dial up connection for PC's.

(Before Christ) . It is used to represent the number of years before the birth of Christ. For example; 2011 BC is intended to mean 2011 years prior to the birth of Christ. However, the AD/BC calendaring system was based on a sixth-century estimate for the year in which Jesus was conceived or born. This year numbering system was devised by the monk Dionysius Exiguus in the year 525 to replace the Diocletian years because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians. He attempted to number years from an event he referred to as the Incarnation of Jesus. Scholars today generally agree that he miscalculated the year of Christ's birth with most scholars placing the event in what would today be numbered 4 BC or perhaps a few years earlier.

(Before Christ) . It is used to represent the number of years before the birth of Christ. For example; 2011 BC is intended to mean 2011 years prior to the birth of Christ. However, the AD/BC calendaring system was based on a sixth-century estimate for the year in which Jesus was conceived or born. This year numbering system was devised by the monk Dionysius Exiguus in the year 525 to replace the Diocletian years because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians. He attempted to number years from an event he referred to as the Incarnation of Jesus. Scholars today generally agree that he miscalculated the year of Christ's birth with most scholars placing the event in what would today be numbered 4 BC or perhaps a few years earlier.

It is usually taken to mean "Before the Common Era" or "Before the Current Era" though some religous groups have recast it as "Before the Christian Era". All versions carry the same meaning as "BC" or "Before Christ". They are used to represent the number of years before the birth of Christ. For example; 2011 BCE or is intended to mean 2011 years prior to the birth of Christ. However, the CE/BCE calendaring system was based on a sixth-century estimate for the year in which Jesus was conceived or born. This year numbering system was devised by the monk Dionysius Exiguus in the year 525 to replace the Diocletian years because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians. He attempted to number years from an event he referred to as the Incarnation of Jesus. Scholars today generally agree that he miscalculated the year of Christ's birth with most scholars placing the event in what would today be numbered 4 BCE or perhaps a few years earlier.

Before the Common Era, Before the Christian Era, Before the Current Era, indicating the number of years before the birth of Christ

Board for Certification of Genealogists

Battle Casualty Report

Beaumont & Fletcher

Bedford

Benedictio ("Blessing")

Benjamin

Benevolentia ("Benevolence")

Benjamin

Berkshire

Berwick

burial grounds

bound girl

Bound girl

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Biblical

Bibliotheca Sacra

Bibliography

Biology

Biscayan

Brother's Keeper, a genealogy computer program

Book of Common Prayer

brother-in-law

Brother-in-law

British Library

Blackwood's Magazine

Bureau of Land Management, Bount Land Warrant

Births, Marriages and Deaths

Bit Mapped Picture a graphical file format of a computer disk file

Brotherhood of the New Life

Boarder

Bohemian

Bonae Memoriae ("Of Happy Memory")

Botany, botanical

Boy

Bishop; baptized

Bishop

Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks

Brande & Cox

Brazilian

Brecknock / Brecon

Bridget

British Critic

British Quarterly Review

Brother

Bishop's Transcript (British parish registers)

By The Way (electronic communication, in general)

Butler

Buckingham

Burlesque

Bute

birth date

brother-in-law

both of this parish

bachelor

baptized, baptism

baptized

baronet

bachelor

birth certificate

bound, buried

birth date

because, became

before

bequest

between

biography

bishop

books, barracks

bondsman

bought, bottom

bought, bottom

birthplace

baptized

brother-in-law

brother

brother-in-law

brother

buried

buried

Cousin

Coat of Arms

Consul

Centigrade

Congregatio Sanctissimi Redemptoris (Redemptorists)

Curatus ("Curate" used chiefly in Ireland)

Clarissima Femina ("Most Illustrious Woman")

Congregatio Jesu et Mariae (Eudist Fathers)

Causa Mortis ("On occasion of death")

Congregatio Mariae (Fathers of the Company of Mary)

Conjugi Optimo ("To my Excellent Husband")

Cum Omnibus Bonis Quiescat ("May he or she Repose With All Good souls")

Clarissima Puella ("Most Illustrious Maiden")

Congregatio Passionis (Passionists)

Congregatio Pretiosissimi Sanguinis (Fathers of the Most Precious Blood)

Congregatio Resurrectionis (Resurrectionist Fathers)

Clerici Regulares Congregationis Somaschae (Somaschi Fathers)

Canonici Regulares Immaculatae Conceptionis ("Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception")

Canonici Regulares Lateranenses ("Canons Regular of the Lateran")

Clerici Regulares Minores ("Clerks Regular Minor", Mariani)

Clerici Regulares Matris Dei ("Clerks Regular of the Mother of God")

Clerici Regulares Ministrantes Infirmis ("Clerks Regular Attendant on the Sick", Camillini, Camilliani)

Congregatio Reformatorum Praemonstratensium (Premonstratensians)

Clerici Regulares Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum ("Clerks Regular of the Poor Men of the Mother of God for Pious Schools", Piarists)

Clerici Regulares Theatini (Theatines)

Congregatio Sancti Spiritus (Holy Ghost Fathers)

Congregatio Sancti Basilii (Basilians)

Congregatio Sanctae Crucis (Fathers and Brothers of the Holy Cross)

Congregatio Sancti Pauli (Paulists)

Clerici Sancti Viatoris (Clerks, or Clerics, of St. Viateur)

Congregatio Sacratissimorum Cordium (Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary)

Eighteenth century (etc.)

(English) Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds

**Carnarvon** and **Caernarvon** are older forms of the name of the town in North Wales currently known as Caernarfon. The older names, in place for centuries, were anglicised phonetic spellings; since the 1970s the Welsh spelling has been generally adopted. Most places and things named for Caernarfon were and still are named using the older spelling. Caernarfon (pronounced [kaɨrˈnarvɔn] or [kəɨrˈnar.von] or /kəˈnɑːvᵊn/) is a Royal town, community and port in Gwynedd, Wales, with a population of 9,611. It lies along the A487 road, on the east banks of the Menai Straits, opposite the Isle of Anglesey. The city of Bangor is 8.6 miles (13.8 km) to the northeast, while Snowdonia fringes Caernarfon to the east and southeast. Caernarvon and Carnarvon are archaic anglicised spellings of Caernarfon, but used rarely. Caernarfon derives its name from the Roman fortifications. In Welsh, the place was called "y gaer yn Arfon", meaning "the stronghold in the land over against Môn"; Môn is the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey. In 1221, a charter granted to the canons of Penmon priory, in Anglesey, by Llywelyn the Great, refers to Kaerinarfon, and Brut y Tywysogion uses the forms Kaerenarvon and Caerenarvon. An early alternative name was Caer Seiont. It is called Caer Aber Sei(o)n(t) ("the fort on the estuary of the river Seiont") in the medieval Welsh tale Breuddwyd Macsen ("Macsen's Dream"), and was also known as Caer Gystennin ("The Castle of Constantin"). Caernarfon is the county town of the historic county of Caernarfonshire. It is best known for the great stone-built Caernarfon Castle, built by Edward I, King of England and consequently sometimes seen as a symbol of English domination. Edward's architect, James of St. George, may well have modelled the castle on the walls of Constantinople, possibly being aware of the alternative Welsh name Caer Gystennin; in addition, Edward was a supporter of the Crusader cause. On higher ground on the outskirts of the town are the remains of an earlier occupation, the Segontium Roman Fort. Caernarfon was constituted a borough in 1284 by charter of Edward I. The charter, which was confirmed on a number of occasions, appointed the mayor of the borough Constable of the Castle ex officio. The former municipal borough was designated a royal borough in 1963. The borough was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in 1974, and the status of "royal town" was granted to the community which succeeded it.

Certified American Indian Lineage Specialist (BCG credential)

Caithness

Certified American Lineage Specialist (BCG credential)

Camera (Papal Treasury)

Camera Apostolica ("Apostolic Camera" i.e. Papal Treasury)

Cambridge

Canonicus

Cancellarius ("Chancellor")

Canonice ("Canonically")

Index of emigrants from British Isles to Canada and Newfoundland

Canticles (Song of Solomon)

Captain

captain, captured, captivity

Capitulum ("Little Chapter" Breviary)

Capitulum de Sequenti ("Little chapter of the following feast" Breviary)

Capella ("Chapel")

National Society, Children of the American Revolution

Cardigan

Cardinalis ("Cardinal")

**Carmarthen** ( /ˌkɑrˈmɑrðən/ kar-mar-dhən; Welsh: Caerfyrddin pronounced [kɑːɨrˈvərðɪn]) is a community in, and the county town of, Carmarthenshire, Wales. It is sited on the River Towy 8 miles (13 km) north of its mouth at Carmarthen Bay. In 2001, the population was 14,648. Carmarthen lays claim to being the oldest town in Wales but the two settlements of Old and New Carmarthen were only united into a single borough in 1546. Carmarthen was the most populous borough in Wales between the 16th and 18th centuries and was described by William Camden as "the chief citie of the country". When Britannia was a Roman province, Carmarthen was the civitas capital of the Demetae tribe, known as Moridunum (meaning sea fort). Carmarthen is possibly the oldest town in Wales and was recorded by Ptolemy and in the Antonine Itinerary. The Roman fort is believed to date from AD75-77. A coin hoard of Roman currency was found nearby in 2006. Near the fort is one of seven surviving Roman amphitheatres in the United Kingdom and one of only two in Roman Wales (the other being at Isca Augusta or Roman Caerleon). It was excavated in 1968. The arena itself is 46 by 27 meters; the circumference of the cavea seating area is 92 by 67 meters. The strategic importance of Carmarthen was such that the Norman William fitz Baldwin built a castle, probably around 1094. The existing castle site is known to have been used since 1105. The castle was destroyed by Llywelyn the Great in 1215. In 1223, the castle was rebuilt and permission was received to wall the town and crenellate (a murage). Carmarthen was among the first medieval walled towns in Wales. In 1405, the town was taken and the castle was sacked by Owain Glyndŵr. The famous Black Book of Carmarthen, written around 1250, is associated with the town's Priory of St John the Evangelist and Teulyddog. During the Black Death of 1347-49, the plague was brought to Carmarthen via the thriving river trade. The Black Death "destroy'd and devastated" villages such as Llanllwch. Local historians place the plague pit, the site for mass burial of the dead, in the graveyard that adjoins the 'Maes-yr-Ysgol' and 'Llys Model' housing at the rear of St Catherine Street. According to some variants of the Arthurian legend, Merlin was born in a cave outside Carmarthen, with some noting that Merlin may be an anglicised form of Myrddin. Historians generally disagree with this interpretation of the name, preferring that Myrddin is a corruption of the Roman name but the story is popular. Many areas surrounding Carmarthen still allude to this, such as the nearby Bryn Myrddin (Merlin's Hill). Legend also had it that, when a particular tree called 'Merlin's Oak' fell, it would be the downfall of the town as well - Translated from Welsh, it reads: When Merlin's Oak comes tumbling down, down shall fall Carmarthen Town'. In order to stop this, the tree was dug up when it died and pieces are now in the museum. The occasional flooding of the appropriately-named Water Street has been attributed to ongoing redevelopment of the area. The Black Book of Carmarthen includes poems with references to Myrddin (Ymddiddan Myrddin a Thaliesin) and possibly to Arthur (Pa ŵr yw'r Porthor?). The interpretation of these is difficult because the Arthurian legend was already known by this time and many details of the modern form of the legend had been described by Geoffrey of Monmouth before the book was written. In addition, some of the stories appear to have been moved into Wales at some point before their recording in the book. Following the Acts of Union, Carmarthen became the judicial headquarters of the Court of Great Sessions for south-west Wales. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the dominant business of Carmarthen town was still agriculture and related trades, including woollen manufacture. Carmarthen was made a county corporate by charter of James I in 1604. The charter decreed that Carmarthen should be known as the 'Town of the County of Carmarthen' and should have two sheriffs. This was reduced to one sheriff in 1835 and the (now largely ceremonial) post continues to this day. Both the Priory and the Friary were abandoned during the dissolution of the monasteries in the reign of Henry VIII, the land being returned to the monarchy. Likewise, the chapels of St Catherine and St Barbara were lost, the church of St Peter's being the main religious establishment to survive this era. During the Marian persecutions of the 1550s, Bishop Ferrar of St David's was burnt at the stake in the market square - now Nott Square. A Protestant martyr, his life and death are recorded in John Foxe's famous book of martyrs.

Carpentry

Catalan

Catherine

Catholic Dictionary

Causa ("Cause")

County Clerk, County Court, County Commissioner, Company Commander

Consules ("Consuls")

Clarissimi Viri ("Illustrious Men")

Court of Common Pleas

(English) Calendar of Close Roles

Compact Disk an optical disk used with some PC's to store lots of data.

Colonial Dames of America, Catholic Daughters of America

Certified Degree of Indian Blood

Common Era,Christian Era,Current Era, indicating the number of years since the birth of Christ

Common Era,Christian Era,Current Era, indicating the number of years since the birth of Christ

Celtic

Censura Ecclesiastica ("Ecclesiastical Censure")

Censuris ("Censures" abl. or dat. case)

Computer File Index (precursor of IGI)

(English) Calendar of Fine Rolls

Certified Genealogist

Certified Genealogist

Certified Genealogical Instructor (BCG credential)

Certified Genealogical Lecturer (BCG credential)

Certified Genealogical Record Searcher (BCG credential)

Court House

Church

Church History

chamber maid

Chamber Maid

Channel Islands

Chaldee

Charlotte

Charles

Chemistry

Cheshire

Chinese

Christopher

Chronology, Chronicles

Computer Interest Group (electronic communication, in general)

Cousin-in-law

(English) Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous

(English) Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem

Circumspectione ("Circumspection" abl. case)

Civil

County Judge

child

Child

Clerk of the Court

Clarissimus Vir ("Most Illustrious Man")

Clericus, Clerico ("Cleric")

Clausula ("Clause")

**Clackmannanshire**, often abbreviated to Clacks (Scots: Clackmannanshire and from the Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Chlach Mhannainn meaning 'Stone of Manau') is a local government council area in Scotland, and a lieutenancy area, bordering Perth and Kinross, Stirling and Fife. As Scotland's smallest historic county, it is often nicknamed 'The Wee County'. Between 1889 and 1975, the County of Clackmannan was a local government county, bordering on Perthshire, Stirlingshire and Fife. The council area was recreated in 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994, with the boundaries of the former Clackmannan district of the Central region. Prior to the Central District being created in 1975 the area had historically been called Clackmannanshire and there was strong pressure to resurrect this title rather than hold to the rather bland title of "Central Region". Central Region had been created in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, to include the county of Clackmannan plus the Muckhart and Glendevon areas, formerly in the county of Perth. Technically these two areas had been transferred to Clackmannanshire in 1971 under a reorganisation of boundaries. According to the legislation of 1996, the council area was to have the name, Clackmannan, of the former district, but this was changed to Clackmannanshire, by the council using its own powers. Clackmannan, the old county town, is named after the ancient stone associated with the pre-Christian deity Manau or Mannan. The stone now rests on a larger stone beside the Tollbooth and Mercat Cross at the top of Main street, Clackmannan. Legend has it that Robert the Bruce mislaid his glove while in the area and, on asking where it was, was told "Look aboot ye". The county's coat of arms shows a pair of gloves.

Classical

Classical Mythology

Clement

Cluniacenses ("Monks of Cluny")

Concrete Masonry Unit

commanding officer, Colonial Office

county; company

Coachman

Codex (Manuscript)

Cognatio Legalis ("Legal Cognation")

Cognatio Spiritualis ("Spiritual Cognation")

Conjugi ("To my Husband or Wife")

Communione ("Communion" abl. case)

Colonel (military rank)

Colossians

Collectio Conciliorum ("Collection of the Councils")

Companion

Commerce, Common

Commemoratio Praecedentis ("Commemoration of the preceding feast" Breviary)

Commemoratio Sequentis ("Commemoration of the following feast" Breviary)

Completorium ("Compline" Breviary)

Contra ("against")

Conic Sections

Concilium ("Council")

Confessor

Confessor et Doctor (Breviary)

Confessor Pontifex ("Confessor and Bishop" Breviary)

Confessione ("Confession" abl. case)

Consecratio ("Consecration")

Conscientiae ("Of or to conscience")

Consecratus ("Consecrated")

Constance

Constitutio Apostolica ("Apostolic Constitution")

Constitutionibus ("Constitutions" abl. or dat. case)

Cook

Coptic

Cornwall

Cornish

Cornelius

Consul

Consules ("Consuls")

Cotgrave

(English) Calendar of Plea and Memoranda Rolls

Compete Peerage, by G.E. Cokayne

a BBS operated by the Capital Personal Ancestral File Users Group strictly genealogy

(English) Calendar of Patent Rolls

Credo ("Creed" Breviary)

Church Records Archives

Criminal Law

County Record Office (British)

Cathode Ray Tube old style picture tubes used in televisions and computer monitors. They are now obsolete having been replaced by various flat screen displays.

Crystallography

Consul

Confederate States of America

Court Files

Court Records

Cumberland

Cuthbert

Confederate Veterans of America

Civil War (specifically in the USA, 1861-1865), church warden

Civil War Soldiers and Sailors

Cyclopedia

Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine

circa, about

copyright, century, cousin, codicil, (Latin, circa) meaning "about" or "approximately", (Latin comitis) meaning "count"

church report

copy signed

child of

(Latin, circa) meaning "about" or "approximately"

captain, captured, captivity

catalogue

cathedral

cemetery

census

census

century

certificate

certificate

confer

confer

child; children; church; chief; chaplain; chapel; chapter

child of

chancery

children

Cotton Loom Hand Worker

condemned his/her misconduct (Quaker)

children

christened, Christian, charter

christened

circa

civil

clerk

codicil

codices

co-heir

college, collections

colloquial, colloquially

commissioner, commander, commentary, committee, common, commoner, communicate, companion

complained (Quaker)

commissioners, committee

company

compound, compounded, composition

comparative

condemned (Quaker)

conferred

conjunction

conjecture

continued

contract

contracted, contraction

corporal

corrupted, corruption

counsellor

cousin

covenant

correspond, correspondence

cousin, cousins

court, citation, county, count, certificate

cousin

Daughter

daughter in law

Depositus ("Laid to rest"), or Dulcis ("Dear One")

Dutch (sometimes Daniel)

Doctor Civilis or Canonicae Legis ("Doctor of Civil or Canon Law")

Doctor Divinitatis ("Doctor of Divinity" i.e. Theology)

Dedit, Dedicavit ("Gave", "Dedicated")

Dei Gratia ("By the Grace of God")

Dormit In Pace ("Sleeps in Peace")

Diis Manibus ("To the Manes of")

Diis Manibus Sacrum ("Sacred to the Manes of")

Dominus Noster ("Our Lord")

Domino Nostro ("To Our Lord")

Dominus Noster Jesus Christus ("Our Lord Jesus Christ")

Deo Optimo Maximo ("To God, the Best and Greatest")

Decanus Ruralis ("Rural Dean")

Doctor Scientiarum ("Doctor of Sciences")

Deo Volente ("God willing")

District Attorney

Dictionary of American Biography

National Society of the Daughters of the American Colonists

Danish

Daniel

Daniel

Daughters of the American Revolution

Disabled American Veterans

David

Domesday Book, deed book

Daughters of the British Empire

Data Base Files (specifically for dBASE III and dBase IV)

District of Columbia, Deputy Clerk, Deputy County Clerk

District Court (USA)

Descendants of Colonial Governors

Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry

Doctor of Divinity, minister

Dominis Nostris ("To Our Lords")

Domesday Descendents, Doctor of Dental Surgery

Debora or Deborah

Decanus ("Dean")

Declared Dead (military)

Defunctus ("Deceased")

Denis or Dennis

**Denbighshire** (Welsh: Sir Ddinbych) is a county in north-east Wales. It is named after the historic county of Denbighshire, but has substantially different borders. Denbighshire has the distinction of being the oldest inhabited part of Wales. Pontnewydd (Bontnewydd-Llanelwy) Palaeolithic site has remains of Neanderthals from 225,000 years ago. There are several castles in the region- Denbigh Castle, Rhuddlan Castle, Ruthin Castle, Castell Dinas Bran and Bodelwyddan Castle. The present principal area was formed on April 1, 1996, under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, from various parts of the county of Clwyd. It included the district of Rhuddlan (which was formed in 1974 entirely from Flintshire), the communities of Trefnant and Cefn Meiriadog from the district of Colwyn (which was entirely Denbighshire) and most of the Glyndŵr district. The part of the Glyndŵr district included the entirety of the former Edeyrnion Rural District, which was part of the administrative county of Merionethshire prior to 1974 – which covered the parishes of Betws Gwerfil Goch, Corwen, Gwyddelwern, Llangar, Llandrillo yn Edeirnion and Llansanffraid. Other principal areas containing part of historic Denbighshire are Conwy, which picked up the remainder of the 1974–1996 Colwyn, and also the Denbighshire parts of the 1974–1996 Aberconwy, and Wrexham, which corresponds to the pre-1974 borough of Wrexham along with most of the Wrexham Rural District and also several parishes from Glyndŵr. The post-1996 Powys includes the historic Denbighshire parishes of Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant, Llansilin and Llangedwyn, which had formed part of Glyndŵr district.

Depositus ("Laid to rest")

Derbyshire

Deuteronomy

Devonshire

descent from antiquity which is taken to mean pre-medieval

Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America

Dialectic

dioscorides

Discretioni ("To the Discretion")

Dispensatory

Dispensatio ("Dispensation")

Disused

Daughter-in-law

Day laborer

Durham Light Infantry

Descendants of Mexican War Veterans

Dominus ("Lord")

Dominus ("Lord")

Dominus ("Lord", "Sir", or "Mr.")

Dominus ("Lord")

Date of birth

Documents / Documentations

Doctor (Breviary)

Date of death

Daughters Of the King

Domestic

Dominica ("Sunday")

Domestic Economy

Dorothy

Dorsetshire

Disk Operating System an early supervisory copmputer program that has been superceded by various graphical operating systems like Microsoft Windows.

Douglas

Died of Wounds (military)

Doxologia ("Doxology" Breviary)

Daughter of the Revolution; Diocesan Registry

Diocesan Record Office (British)

Daughters of the Republic of Texas

Deus ("God")

A system of dating used in England and British North America from 1582-1752 for dates falling between January 1 and March 25. This practice resulted from the transition from the old Julian calendar to the new Gregorian calendar, which went into effect in 1582, but was not officially adopted by the British and the American colonies until 1752. The new Gregorian calendar recognized January 1 as the first day of the year, while the old Julian calendar recognized March 25 as the first day. Dates between January 1 and March 25 prior to the calendar change in 1752 were often written with both year numbers separated by a slash as in 5 January 1712/13.

Dublin University Magazine

**Dumfries and Galloway** (Scots: Dumfries an Gallowa; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phrìs is an Gall-Ghaidhealaibh, pronounced [t̪unˈfɾʲiʃ akəs̪ əŋ kaulˠ̪ɣəlˠ̪əv]) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It was created in 1975 by uniting the historic region of Galloway to the County of Dumfries (Dumfriesshire) for the purpose of council administration, hence "Dumfries and Galloway". To the north, the council borders onto South Ayrshire, East Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire; in the east the Borders; and to the south the county of Cumbria in England. It lies to the north of the Solway Firth and to the east of the Irish Sea. The region was created in 1975, by merging the former counties of Wigtownshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Dumfriesshire as a two-tier region with the districts of Wigtownshire, Stewartry, Nithsdale and Annandale and Eskdale within it. In 1996 the region became a unitary authority area and the districts were wound up. After 1996 the unitary authority became known as Dumfries and Galloway Council, instead of Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council.

Dunbarton

Daughters of the Utah Pioneers; duplicate entry

Duplex ("Double feast" Breviary)

Duplex Primae Classis ("Double First Class feast" Breviary)

Duplex Secundae Classis ("Double Second Class feast" Breviary)

Duplex Major ("Double Major feast")

Durham

Department of Veterans Affairs

Society of the Descendants of Washington's Army at Valley Forge

Dish washer

Dorothy

Dynamics

deceased

died, death, daughter, days, British pence

dies ("day")

daughter and coheiress

daughter and heiress

died unmarried

document signed, died single

(Latin, descessit sine prole) meaning "died without issue" or "childless"

(Latin, descessit sine prole mascula) meaning "died without male issue"

(Latin, descessit victus matris) meaning "died while mother was living"

(Latin, decessit victus patre) meaning "died while father was living"

died young

daughter of

daughter, day

dative

daughter-in-law

daughter

daughter

daughters

From the Latin de bonis non meaning of no good

deacon

deacon

deceased, dead

deceased, dead

deceased, dead

decision

definitions

degree

deputy, depot

department

descendant

devised

daughter-in-law

diminutive

diocese

discharge, disowned, disowned for (Quaker)

discipline

distance, district

divorce, divorced, division

deacon

(Latin, ditto) meaning "same", the same as the previous entry

document

document

domestic

dropped plain dress (Quaker)

death place

doctor, dram, drinking to excess (Quaker)

dropped (Quaker)

deaths, daughters

descendant

(Latin, decessit sine prole) meaning "died without issue"

(Latin, decessit sine prole legitima) meaning "died without legitimate issue"

(Latin, decessit sine prole malus) meaning "died without sons"

(Latin, decessit sine prole malus legitima) meaning "died without legitimate sons"

(Latin, decessit sine prole malus suivre) meaning "died without surviving sons"

(Latin, decessit sine prole suivre) meaning "died without surviving issue"

delirium tremens

date, daughter, daughters

dated

ditto

daughter

died unmarried

(Latin, decessit vita matris) meaning

(Latin, decessit vita patris) meaning

E Vivis Discessit ("Departed from Life")

Ecclesia ("The Church")

English

Enumeration District

Ex Voto ("In Fulfilment of a Vow")

A computer data file format most often used on IBM mainframes.

Ebenezer

Ecclesia ("The Church")

Ecclesiastical, Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastical History

Ecclesiae ("Of or to the Church")

Ecclesiasticis ("Ecclesiastical")

Ecclesiasticus

Eclectic Review

Edinburgh Review

Edmond or Edmund

Edward

Edward

Effectum ("Effect")

Egyptian

Electio, Electus ("Election", "Elect")

Electricity, Electrical

Elizabeth

Eleanor

Enlisted member (military)

employee

Employee

Eminentissimus ("Most Eminent")

engineer

Engineer

Encyclopedia

Encyclopedia Americana

Encyclopedia Britannica

Hunter's Encyclopedic Dictionary

England

England, English

English Cyclopedia

Engineering

East Anglia National Heritage Area

(Latin, Eodem) meaning "at the same place or time". Used like ditto or do.

Eolic

Episcopus ("Bishop")

Ephesians

Ephesians

Episcopus ("Bishop")

Episcopus ("Bishop")

Episcopus ("Bishop")

Europ

Esdras

Essex

Esther

Etiam ("Also, Even")

Etching & Engraving

Ethnology

European Theater of Operations (military)

Evacuated to the U.S. (military)

Evangelium ("Gospel" Breviary)

Extra ("Outside of")

Exodus

Ex Testamento ("In accordance with the Testament of")

Excommunicatione ("Excommunication" abl. case)

Excommunicatus, Excommunicatio ("Excommunicated, Excommunication")

Existit ("Exists")

Exodus

Ezekiel

Ezekiel

ease, earl

From the Latin exemplia gratia meaning (for example)

(Latin, exempli gratia) meaning "for example"

easily

executrix, a female executor

edited, edition, editor

education, educated

eldest

emphatic

endorsed (Quaker)

enough

ensign

ensuing

equivalent

especially

esquire

estate, established

establishment

estimated

(Latin, et ali, et alae, et alia) meaning "and others"

(Latin, et vir) meaning "and man" or "and husband". Commonly used in legal documents to signify an unidentified husband.

(Latin, et cetera) meaning "and so forth" or "and also"

etymology

etymology

executor, executrix

except, excellency, excepted, exchange

executor

executor

executrix

executor

executors

executrix

executrix

Father

Free and Accepted Masons

father in law

Fecit ("Did"), or Filius ("Son"), or Feliciter ("Happily")

French

Field Artillery

Family Bible

Fieri Curavit ("Caused to be made")

Fieri Fecit ("Caused to be made")

Fellow of the American Academy of Osteopathy

Fellow of the American College of Cardiology

Fellow of the American College of Childbirth Educators

Fellow of the American College of Dentists

Fellow of the American College of Endocrinology

Fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians

Fellowship of American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons

Fellow of the American College of Physicians

Fellow American College of Surgeons

farm hand

Farm hand

Fahrenheit

Farm laborer

Frequently Asked Questions

Farriery

Federal Archives and Records Centers (branches of the National Archives )

Fellow of the Antiquarian Society

Fellow of the American Society of Genealogists

farm worker

Farm worker

Foster brother

Friends burial ground

Family Edge genealogy software program

Felicis Memoriae ("Of Happy Memory")

Felicis Recordationis ("Of Happy Memory")

Feria ("Weekday")

Feudal

Foster father

First Families

Fratres ("Brothers"), Filii ("Sons")

Federation of Family History Societies (British) Benson Room,Birmingham & Midland Institute,Margaret Street Birmingham,B3 3BS,UK

First Families of Virginia

Family Group Record Archives

Family Group Record Archives

Federation of Genealogical Societies, family group sheet

Family History Center (LDS satellite centers)

Family History Library (LDS main library in Salt Lake City Utah)

Family History Library Catalog

Family History Society also Family History System, a program by Phillip E. Brown

fireman

Fireman

Figurative, figuratively

Fellow of the Irish Genealogical Research Society

Finnish

First cousin

father-in-law

Father-in-law

Flint

Friendship Love & Truth (on tombstones -- see also IOOF & IORM)

foster mother

Foster mother

Fellow of the National Genealogical Society

Founders of the New Haven Colony

Foster brother

Fraternal Order of Eagles

Freedom of Information Act

Fraternal Order of Police (USA)

Foreign Quarterly Review

Fortification

Foster son

Foster sister

Family Registry

Frater ("Brother")

French

Frater, Frere ("Brother")

Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians

Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland

Friends (Quaker)

Frederick

Friesic

Fellow of the Royal Society

Fratrum ("Of the Brothers")

Francis

Fossor ("Digger")

Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries

Fellow of the Society of Genealogists

Family Tree Maker genealogy program from Banner Blue Software

File Transfer Protocol used primarily to transfer files over the internet

Family Tree Maker for Windows (software)

Fellow of the Utah Genealogical Association

Fundatio ("Foundation")

For What It's Worth (electronic communication in general)

For Your Information (electronic communication in general)

father, female, folio, feast, feet, farm, following

for example

father-in-law

free mulato, (Latin, feodum militis) meaning "knight's fee"

free negro

father

family

father-in-law

feminine

following (pages), foster father

fidelity

father-in-law

(Latin, flourit) meaning "he lives"

free man of color

folio

following; followed

formerly

free person of color, neither Caucasian nor enslaved

from

freeman, freemen

frequentative

foot, fort

future

free woman of color

free white female

free white male

grand, great

grave record

grave stone

gun shot wound

granted certificate (Quaker)

grandchildren

granted certificate to (Quaker)

guardian

(German, geboren) meaning

general

generally, genitive

gentleman

(German, gestorben) meaning

given, giving

granted letter

granted letter to

grandmother

godfather

godmother

government

grandparents

granddaughter

grandson

grand, great, grant, graduate

grandfather

grandmother

grandson

great grand

German

Great Britain

great aunt

Great aunt

Gabriel

Gaelic

Galen

Galvanism

Great Architect of the Universe (Freemason Word)

Grand Army of the Republic

acronym for Gateway Ancestor of Royal Descent

Grandchild

Grand Cross of the (Royal) Victorian Order (knight)

Granddaughter

granddaughter

A computer data file format for exchanging genalogical data, a computer program by Dollarhide Systems for indexing sources.

GEnealogical Data COMmunication

Generalis ("General")

Genealogy

Genealogy storage of textual help files on ROOTS-L

Gentleman's Magazine

George

Geoffrey

Geography

Geology

Geometry

Germanic or German

grandfather

Grandfather

great-grandfather

Great-grandfather

great-great-grandfather

Great-great-grandfather

great-great-grandmother

Great-great-grandmother

great-grandmother

Great-grandmother

Genelaogical Helper

A format to hold images on a computer disk file

Genealogical Information Manager

Greek

Gloria ("Glory to God", etc.)

Glamorgan

Genealogical Library Catalog

General Land Office

Gloucester

Grandmother

Grandmother-in-law

Grand or great nephew

Generalis ("General")

Grand or great niece

Governess

governess

God child

Godfrey

Guild Of One Name Studies

Gothic

Government of the Tongue

Genealogical Periodical Annual Index

Gratia ("Grace")

Greek

grave yard

Gradus ("Grade")

Grammar

General Reference Book

Genealogical Research Directory

Gratias ("Thanks"); or Gratis ("Without expense")

Gregory

The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree or "papal bull" signed on 24 February 1582. Only four Catholic countries adopted the new calendar on the date specified by the bull. Other Catholic countries experienced some delay before adopting the reform; and non-Catholic countries, not being subject to the decrees of the Pope, initially rejected or simply ignored the reform altogether. Although most countries eventually adopted the Gregorian calendar, the adoption was sporadic. For example; Turkey officially continued to use the Julian calendar until 1926 when it finally transitioned to the Gregorian calendar.

Grisons

General Registry Office (St Catherine's House, British)

Grandson

grandson

Genealogy Software Distribution System

Grand son-in-law

General Society, Sons of the Revolution

General Society of the War of 1812

Great Britain

Gone to Texas

great uncle

Great uncle

guardian

Guardian

Guest

William

Gunnery

husband; heir; heiress; hour

husband of

headquarters

Hebdomada ("Week")

heraldry

herself

himself

historian

honorable

honorably discharged

honorary

honorably

hora ("hour")

hundred

husband

hypothetical

Haeres ("Heir"), Hic ("Here")

High

Hired girl

Hoc Loco Situs ("Laid or Put in This Place")

Hoc Monumentum Fieri Fecit ("Caused This Monument to be Made")

Hic Situs ("Laid Here")

Habakkuk

Haggai

Hamersly's Naval Encyclopedia

Hampshire

Hannah

Half brother

Half brother-in-law

Herder

Hebrew

Honourable East India Company

Helen

Help

Henry

Heraldry

Herbert

Hereford

Hertford

handfast

hired hand

Hired hand

Hindostanee

Hippocrates

History

housekeeper

Housekeeper

Hireling

Highland Light Infantry, Herefordshire Light Infantry

Hired man

His or Her Majesty, hired man

Housemaid

Her or His Majesty's Service or Ship

Her Majesty's Stationery Office (British)

Homilia ("Homily" Breviary)

Horology

Horticulture

Hospitaller Order of St. John of God

Huguenot Society of America

Half sister

Half sister-in-law

Humiliter ("Humbly")

Hujusmodi ("Of this kind")

Hungarian

Huntingdon

Husband

Houseworker

Henry

Hydraulics

Hydrostatics

Inmate

Iesus Hominum Salvator (The usual interpretation is "Jesus Saviour of Men"). However, this is really a faulty Latin transliteration of the first three letters of *JESUS in Greek (IHS being incorrectly used in place of IHC).

Jus Liberorum Habens ("Possessing the Right of Children" meaning the eligibility to hold public office under age)

In Christo ("In Christ")

Jesus (first and third letters of His name in Greek)

Icelandic

Idus ("Ides")

Idibus ("On the Ides")

Indictione ("In the Indiction" a chronological term)

International Genealogical Index

Igitur ("Therefore")

Igitur ("Therefore")

Irish Genealogical Society

Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies

International Internet Genealogical Society

Inter Library Loan

Illustration, Illustrated

**The Isle of Man** ( /ˈmæn/; Manx: Ellan Vannin,[2] pronounced [ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn]), otherwise known simply as Mann (Manx: Mannin, IPA: [ˈmanɪn]), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although it does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is ultimately the responsibility of the Crown (i.e., in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom). The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. It began to be influenced by Gaelic culture in the AD 5th century and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. A Norse-Gaelic culture emerged and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal overlordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1764 but the island never became part of the United Kingdom and retained its status as an internally self-governing jurisdiction. The origin of the name Isle of Man is unclear. In the Manx Gaelic language the Isle of Man is known as Ellan Vannin, where ellan is a Gaelic word meaning island. The earliest form of 'Man' is Manu or Mana giving the genitive name Manann leading to the word Mannin, which is lenited when used after the feminine word Ellan, giving Mhannin. As mh is pronounced like a v in Goidelic languages, in modern Manx the name becomes Ellan Vannin. These forms are related to the figure of Celtic mythology known as Manannán to the Irish and Manawydan to the Welsh. The name enters recorded history as Mona (Julius Caesar, 54 BC), and is also recorded as Monapia or Monabia (Pliny the Elder, AD 77), Monœda (Ptolemy, AD 150), Mevania or Mænavia (Paulus Orosius, 416), and Eubonia or Eumonia by Irish writers. In Welsh records it is Manaw, and in the Icelandic sagas it is Mön. Though Mann was never incorporated into the Roman Empire, the island was noted in Greek and Roman accounts where it was called variously Monapia, Mοναοιδα (Monaoida), Mοναρινα (Monarina), Menavi and Mevania. The Old Welsh and Old Irish names for Mann, Mano and Manau, also occur in Manau Gododdin, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower Firth of Forth. The name is probably connected with the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey, Ynys Môn and possibly with the Celtic root reflected in Welsh mynydd, Breton menez, Scottish Gaelic monadh mountain. These probably derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- to tower referring to the island apparently rising out of the Irish Sea on the horizon. The Neolithic Period marked the coming of knowledge of farming, better stone tools and pottery. It was during this period that megalithic monuments began to appear around the island. Examples from this period can be found at Cashtal yn Ard near Maughold, King Orry's Grave in Laxey, Meayll Circle near Cregneash, and Ballaharra Stones in St John's. This was not the only Neolithic culture; there were also the local Ronaldsway and Bann cultures. During the Bronze Age, the large communal tombs of the megalith builders were replaced with smaller burial mounds. Bodies were put in stone lined graves along with ornamental containers. The Bronze Age burial mounds created long lasting markers about the countryside. According to John T. Koch and others, the Isle of Man in the Late Bronze Age was part of a maritime trading-networked culture called the Atlantic Bronze Age that also included the other Celtic nations, England, France, Spain and Portugal, and ancient Tartessus, and may have been where Celtic languages developed. The Iron Age marked the beginning of Celtic cultural influence. Large hill forts appeared on hill summits, and smaller promontory forts along the coastal cliffs, while large timber-framed roundhouses were built. It is likely that the first Celtic tribes to inhabit the Island were of the Brythonic variety. Around the 5th century AD, cultural influence from Ireland, probably along with some degree of migration, precipitated a process of Gaelicisation, evidenced by Ogham inscriptions, giving rise to the Manx language, which remains closely related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic. Viking settlement of Mann began at the end of the 8th century. The Vikings established Tynwald and introduced many land divisions that still exist. They also left the Manx Runestones. Although the Manx language does contain Norse influences, they are few. The Norse Kingdom of Mann and the Isles was created by Godred Crovan in 1079 after the Battle of Skyhill. During Viking times, the islands of this kingdom were called the Súðreyjar or Sudreys ("southern isles") in contrast to the Norðreyjar ("northern isles") of Orkney and Shetland. This later became Anglicised as Sodor. The Church of England diocese is still called the Diocese of Sodor and Man although it only covers Mann.[26] (When the Rev. W.V. Awdry wrote The Railway Series, he invented the island of Sodor as an imaginary island located between Mann and the Cumbrian coast.) In 1266, as dictated in the Treaty of Perth, Norway's King Magnus VI ceded the isles to Scotland. Mann came under English control in the 14th century. During this period the Isle was dominated by the Stanley family, who also held the title of Earl of Derby, who had been given possession of Mann by King Henry IV. In 1703, the Act of Settlement secured peasant rights and marked the beginning of a move away from feudal government. In 1765, however, the British Crown secured a greater control over the island, without incorporating it into Great Britain, laying the grounds for the island's status as a Crown dependency. In 1866, greater autonomy was restored to the island's parliament and a full transition to democracy began.

In My Humble Opinion ( electronic communication, in general)

In My Not So Humble Opinion ( electronic communication, in general)

Imperial Dictionary

In Bono ("In Good odour")

Indians

Index

Indictione ("In the Indiction" a chronological term)

Indian Territory

Indian Territory

Indian Widow's Certificate United States army veterans of Inddian Wars that occured from 1817 to 1868 were eligible to receive pensions for claims dating from 1892 to 1926. The claims are classified as Indian survivors, originals, Indian survivors’ certificates, Indian widows’ originals, and Indian widows’ certificates. These files are indexed, and the microfilmed indexes are available at various libraries throughout the United States. The original pension files are located at the United States National Archives.

Indian Survivors' Certificates United States army veterans of Inddian Wars that occured from 1817 to 1868 were eligible to receive pensions for claims dating from 1892 to 1926. The claims are classified as Indian survivors, originals, Indian survivors’ certificates, Indian widows’ originals, and Indian widows’ certificates. These files are indexed, and the microfilmed indexes are available at various libraries throughout the United States. The original pension files are located at the United States National Archives.

Infrascriptum ("Written below")

In Pace ("In Peace")

Inquisitio ("Inquisition")

Institutum C(h)aritatis (Rosminians)

International Cyclopeia

Introscripta ("Written within")

Inverness

Independent Order of Foresters

Independent Order of Good Templars

John

International Order of Job's Daughters (freemason)

Ionic

Independent Order of Odd Fellows (fraternal organization)

Independent Order of Rechabites

International Order of the Rainbow for Girls (freemasonry)

Improved Order of Red Men

Improved Order of United American Mechanics

Irish

Illinois Regional Archive Depository

International Reply Coupon

Irregularitate ("Irregularity" abl. case)

Idus ("Ides")

Isaiah

Isaiah

Isabel

International Standard Book Number

In Search Of

International Standard Serial Number

Italian

International Vital Records Handbook

island

From the Latin id est meaning (that is)

From the Latin idem quod meaning (the same as)

in partibus infidelium ("among the infidels")

(Latin, ibidem) meaning "in the same place" or "same reference"

ignorant

illustrated

importation

imperfect

incorporated, incomplete

inchoative

included, inclusive, including

indicative

indefinite

infant, infancy, infantry, informed

infinitive

information

inherited

inhabitant

inquiry

insert

(Latin, inst) meaning "of the current month" , institute, institution

intentions; interested; interred; intestate meaning without a will; intention of marriage (a public notice of an upcoming marriage)

intensive

interjection

inventory

inventory

(Latin, inquisition post mortem) meaning "an after-death inventory of one's holdings"

joined (Quaker)

(Latin, jure matris) meaning "in the right of one's mother"

(Latin, jure uxoris) meaning "in the right of one's wife"

joined another society (Quaker)

jonge dochter/ young daughter (Dutch)

jonge man / young man (Dutch)

junior

judicia, judicious

judicia, judicious

junior

(French, jurat) meaning "The name given to the clause at the foot of an affidavit showing when, where, and before whom the actual oath was sworn or affirmation was made.["

Jesus Christus ("Jesus Christ")

Juris Canonici Doctor, Juris Civilis Doctor ("Doctor of Canon Law", "Doctor of Civil Law")

Juris Doctor ("Doctor of Law")

Jesus, Maria, Joseph ("Jesus, Mary, Joseph")

Juris Utriusque Doctor ("Doctor of Both Laws" Civil and Canon)

Juris Utriusque Licentiatus ("Licentiate of Both Laws")

Judge Advocate

James

James

Japanese

James

James

Javanese

Jeremiah

Jeremiah

John

Journal of Negro History

John. Not to be confused with Jon which is an abbreviation for Jonathan or Jno (without a period) which is a proper name in its own right.

Jonathan

Joannes ("John")

Joannes ("John")

Joinery

Jonathan. Jon, without a period, is also used as a proper name.

Joseph

Josiah

Joshua

Joshua

Justice of the Peace

Judicium ("Judgment")

Judith

Judges

The Julian calendar began in 45 BC (709 AUC) as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria. Evidence indicates it was designed to approximate the tropical year. The original Julian calendar began its year on 1 January though the recognized first day of the year changed a number of times over the centuries to include, 29 August, 30 August, 1 September, 23 September, 25 December, 1 March and 25 March. The Julian calendar remained in use into the 20th century in some countries as a civil calendar, but has been replaced by the Gregorian calendar in nearly all countries. The Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Rite Catholic Churches and Protestant churches have replaced the Julian calendar with the Gregorian calendar; however, the Orthodox Church (with the exception of Romania, Estonia and Finland) still use the Julian calendar for calculating the dates of moveable feasts. Some Orthodox churches have adopted the Revised Julian calendar for the observance of fixed feasts, while other Orthodox churches retain the Julian calendar for all purposes. The Julian calendar is still used by the Berber people of North Africa, and on Mount Athos.

Juris ("Of Law")

killed, king

known

knight

Kalendas ("Calends"); or Care, Carus, Cara ("Dear One"), or Carissimusa ("Dearest")

Kings

Karissimo Bene Merenti ("To the Most Dear and Well-deserving")

Kalendae ("Calends")

Katherine

Knight of Bath

Knights of Columbus, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

Knight Commander of the Order of St Gregory

Kent

Knight of the Garter, Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter

Knights of the Golden Eagle

Killed in Action (military)

Kincardine

Kinross

Killed in Plane Crash (military)

Kirkcudbright

Knight of the Legion of Honour; Knights and Ladies of Honor

Killed non-battle (military)

The King's Own Scottish Borderers

Knights of the Maccabees

The King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry

Order of Knights of Pythias

The King's Shropshire Light Infantry

Knight of the Order of the Thistle

(German, Kranken Unterst

Lodger

Locus ("Place")

Latin

Legis Civilis Doctor ("Doctor of Civil Law")

Litterarum Humaniorum Doctor ("Doctor of Literature")

Locus Monumenti ("Place of the Monument")

Loco Sigilli ("Place of the Seal")

Locus Sepulchri ("Place of the Sepulchre")

Laborer

Laicus ("Layman")

Lamentations

Local Area Network a group of computers connected to allow file sharing

**Lanarkshire** or the County of Lanark Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig) is a Lieutenancy area, registration county and former local government county in the central Lowlands of Scotland. Glasgow, the neighbouring major city, was formerly included as part of Lanarkshire for administrative purposes and remains part of the registration county. Historically, Lanarkshire was the most populous county in Scotland and, in earlier times, had considerably greater boundaries, including neighbouring Renfrewshire until 1402. In modern times, it was bounded to the north by Stirlingshire and a detached portion of Dunbartonshire, to the northeast by Stirlingshire, West Lothian, to the east by Peeblesshire, to the southeast and south by Dumfriesshire, to the southwest by Dumfriesshire and Ayrshire and to the west by Ayrshire, Renfrewshire and Dunbartonshire. Lanarkshire was historically divided between two administrative areas then, in the mid-18th century, was divided again into three wards: the upper, middle and lower wards with their administrative centres at Lanark, Hamilton and Glasgow respectively and remained this way until the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Other significant settlements include East Kilbride, Motherwell, Airdrie, Coatbridge, Blantyre, Cambuslang, Rutherglen and Wishaw. In 1975, the county council was superseded by the Strathclyde region, which itself was superseded by unitary authorities in 1996. Lanarkshire is now covered by the council areas of North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire. North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire have a joint board for valuation and electoral registration. There is also a joint health board, which does not cover Rutherglen and the surrounding area in South Lanarkshire. Without the northern portion of North Lanarkshire, this is also a Lieutenancy area.

Lancashire

Lappish

Latin

Latin

launderer

Launderer

Laurence

Laudes ("Lauds" Breviary)

Lawrence

Letter Book Copy

Library of Congress

Loyal Christian Benefit Association

Library of Congress Card Number

Low Dutch

The Chuch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints also known as the Mormons

Lectio ("Lesson")

Legitime, Legitimus ("Legally", "legitimate")

Leicester

Leonard

Leonard. Leon, without a period, is also used as a proper name.

Letitia or Lettice. Both names are pronounced as letisha.

Lettish

Leviticus

Low German also known as Low Saxon (Plattdüütsch, Nedderdüütsch, Standard German Plattdeutsch, Niederdeutsch; Dutch Nedersaksisch in the wider sense) is any of the regional language varieties of the West Germanic languages spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands. The historical sprachraum also includes contemporary northern Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia and a part of southern Lithuania, the German speakers of which were expelled after the post-World War II boundary changes. The former German communities in the Baltic states (see Baltic Germans) did also speak Low German. Moreover, Low German was the Lingua Franca of the Hanseatic League.

Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic

Low Greek

Licentia ("License")

Liber, Libro ("Book", "In the book")

Licentia, Licentiatus ("License", "Licentiate")

Lincoln

Linn

Literature

Literally, literally

Lithuanian

Legitima ("Lawful")

Littera ("Letter")

LifeLines, a genealogy program for UNIX

Late Latin

Legum Baccalaureus ("Bachelor of Laws")

Legum Doctor ("Doctor of Laws")

Legum Magister ("Master of Laws")

Bachelor of Laws

Doctor of Laws

Master of Laws

Liber, Libro ("Book", "In the book")

Location (rarely, Library of Congress)

Locus ("Place")

Library of Congress Information System

The Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland

London (Middlesex)

Loyal Order Of Moose

Charlotte

Lovanium ("Louvain")

Lovanienses (Theologians of Louvain)

Litterae ("Letters")

(Latin, locus sigilli) meaning "where a seal is placed"

Licite ("Lawfully", or "licitly")

Ludovicus

Lightly Wounded in Action (military)

Lydia

license, law, lodger

Loco citato ("at the place already cited")

local elder in a church

local preacher

laborer

laborer

pound

land, lord

leader

legacy, legatee

lived, living

library

license

lieutenant

lived, living

lived about

land

Loco citato ("at the place already cited")

(Latin, legitimatio per matrimonium subsequens) meaning "legitimisation by subsequent matrimony"

(Latin, legitimatio per rescriptum principis) meaning "legitimisation by prince's rescript"

lieutenant

limited

liberated to marry

lived

living

Mother

mother in law

male; married; month

Maria ("Mary")

Martyr, or Memoria ("Memory") or Monumentum ("Monument")

Middle

Magister Artium ("Master of Arts")

Missionaries of Charity

Monumentum Posuit ("Erected a Monument")

Missionarius Rector ("Missionary Rector")

Missionaries of La Salette (France)

Missionarii Sacratissimi Cordis ("Missionaries of the Most Sacred Heart")

Master of Arts

Macedonian

Machinery

Madam

Magister ("Master")

Magazine

Magistro ("Master" dat. or abl. case)

Maid

Malachi

Malayan

Manager

Man

Mandamus ("We command")

Mandatum Apostolicum ("Apostolic Mandate", e.g. for a bishop's consecration)

Manufacturing

Maritime

A labeling convention for on-line library catalogs

Margaret

Margery

Marmaduke

Martyr, Martyres ("Martyr", "Martyrs" Breviary)

Matron

Matutinum ("Matins" Breviary)

Mathematics, Mathematical

Matthias

Matrimonum ("Marriage")

Matthew

Matthew

Matthew

Maurice

Member of Council (King's); Member of Congress

Microfilm Corporation of America

Microfilm Card Catalog

Municipal Civil District, minor civil division (Census Soundex)

Doctor of Medicine, Middle Dutch

Middlesex (London)

Middle English

Mechanic

Medicine

Merioneth

Metallurgy

Metaphysics

Meteorolgy

Mexican Survivors' Certificates

Mexcian Survivorr's Originals

Mexican Widows' Certificate

Minister of the Gospel

Monsignor ("My Lord")

Margaret

meeting house

Middle High German. It is the term used for the period in the history of the German language between 1050 and 1350. It is preceded by Old High German and followed by Early New High German. In some uses, the term covers a longer period, going up to 1500.

Middle High German

Monumental (or Memorial) Inscription

Missing in Action (military)

Michael

Michael

Microscopy

Military

Mildred

Mildred

Millicent

Mineralogy

Misericorditer ("Mercifully")

Mirror for Magistrates

Miseratione ("Pity" abl. case)

Missa ("Mass" Breviary); Missionarius ("Missionary")

Missionarius Apostolicus ("Missionary Apostolic")

in Census, married in that year

mother-in-law

Mother-in-law

Middle Low German, a language that is the descendant of Old Saxon and is the ancestor of modern Low German. It served as the international lingua franca of the Hanseatic League. It was spoken from about 1100 to 1600.

Middle Low German, a language that is the descendant of Old Saxon and is the ancestor of modern Low German. It served as the international lingua franca of the Hanseatic League. It was spoken from about 1100 to 1600.

**Midlothian** ( /mɪdˈloʊðiən/; Scots: Midlowden, Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan Lodainn) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It borders the Scottish Borders, East Lothian and the City of Edinburgh council areas. The County of Midlothian used for local government purposes formerly encompassed the city of Edinburgh, and within these borders still serves as a registration county. Midlothian Council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, with the boundaries of the Midlothian district of the Lothian region. The district had been created in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, and it consisted of the local government county of Midlothian, minus the burgh of Musselburgh and Calder, Cramond, Currie and Inveresk areas.

Military Land Warrant

Monthly Meeting of Society of Friends being a logcal congregation of a religious group also known as Quakers

Martyr, Martyres ("Martyr", "Martyrs" Breviary)

Martyres ("Martyrs")

**Montgomery** (Welsh: Trefaldwyn; meaning "The Town of Baldwin") is a historic county town in Mid Wales that lies just three miles from the Wales-England border in the Welsh Marches. It is best known for its castle, Montgomery Castle, begun in 1223, and its parish church, begun in 1227. However its origins go back much further, as seen by the Iron age hill fort on the edge of the town. Other attractions include The Old Bell Museum, the Offa's Dyke Path, the Robber's Grave and the town wall, as well as several impressive buildings. Even though the town has long since lost its trappings of power as a county town, there is still a bustling small commercial centre and continues to attract increasing numbers of tourists. The town was established around a Norman stone castle on a crag. The castle had been built in the early 13th century to control an important ford over the nearby River Severn and replaced an earlier motte and bailey fortification at Hendoman, two miles away. An important supporter of King William I (the Conqueror), Roger de Montgomery, originally from Montgomery in the Pays d'Auge in Normandy, was given this part of the Welsh Marches by William and his name was given to the town surrounding the castle. Montgomery was sacked at the beginning of the 15th century by the Welsh Prince Owain Glyndŵr (Owen Glendower). At this time, the castle and surrounding estates were held by the Mortimer family (the hereditary Earls of March) but they came into royal hands when the last Earl of March died in 1425. In 1485, King Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and the Royal Estates, including Montgomery and its castle, passed into the hands of the new King, Henry VII, the first Tudor king, and a Welshman. The castle was then given to another powerful Welsh family, the Herberts, in 1541. During the Civil War, the castle was captured by Parliamentary forces and subsequently slighted (damaged) to remove its military threat. As a county town, Montgomery prospered, and the consequent buildings give the small town its current character. In 1923 the Montgomeryshire County War Memorial was completed to commemorate fallen soldiers from Montgomeryshire County. The Memorial resides 0.75 miles to the Southwest of Montgomery, on a hill overlooking the countryside. Montgomery was the birth place of famous poet George Herbert in 1593.

Mohammedan

Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States

**Monmouthshire** (pronounced /ˈmɒnməθʃər/ or /ˈmɒnməθʃɪər/), also known as the County of Monmouth (pronounced /ˈmɒnməθ/; Welsh: Sir Fynwy), is one of thirteen ancient counties of Wales and a former administrative county. It corresponds approximately to the present principal areas of Monmouthshire, Blaenau Gwent, Torfaen, and Newport and those parts of Caerphilly and Cardiff east of the Rhymney River. The eastern part of the county is mainly agricultural, while the western valleys had rich mineral resources. This led to the area becoming highly industrialised with coal mining and iron working being major employers from the 18th century to the late 20th century. Monmouthshire's Welsh status was ambiguous between the 16th and 20th centuries, with it considered by some to be part of England during this time. The "county or shire of Monmouth" was formed from parts of the Welsh Marches by the Laws in Wales Act 1535. According to the Act the shire consisted of all Honours, Lordships, Castles, Manors, Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments, lying or being within the Compass or Precinct of the following Lordships, Townships, Parishes, Commotes and Cantrefs... in the Country of Wales: Monmouth • Chepstow • Matherne (Mathern) • Llanvihangel (Llanfihangel Rogiet) • Magour (Magor) • Goldcliffe (Goldcliff) • Newport • Wentlooge • Llanwerne (Llanwern) • Caerlion (Caerleon) • Usk • Treleck (Trellech) • Tintern • Skenfrith • Grosmont • Witecastle (White Castle) • Raglan • Calicote (Caldicot) • Biston (Bishton) • Abergavenny • Penrose (Penrhos) • Grenefield (Maesglas) • Maghen (Machen) • Hochuyslade (possessions of Llanthony Priory) The Act also designated Monmouth as the "Head and Shire town of the said county or shire of Monmouth", and ordered that the Sheriff's county or shire court be held alternately in Monmouth and Newport. The historic boundaries are the River Wye on the east, dividing it from Gloucestershire and the Rhymney River to the west dividing it from Glamorganshire, with the Bristol Channel to the south. The boundaries with Herefordshire to the northeast and Brecknockshire to the north were less well-defined. The parish of Welsh Bicknor, was an exclave of Monmouthshire, sandwiched between Gloucestershire and Herefordshire. The area was considered part of Monmouthshire until it was made part of Herefordshire "for all purposes" by the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, while the Herefordshire hamlet of Fwthog adjoining the Honddu Valley remained an exclave within Monmouthshire until 1891. The county was divided into six hundreds in 1542: Abergavenny • Caldicot • Raglan • Skenfrith • Usk • Wentloog The county contained the three boroughs of Monmouth, Newport and Usk. Monmouth and Newport were reformed as municipal boroughs with elected town councils by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Usk continued as an unreformed borough until its final abolition in 1886. New forms of local government were established in the urban areas of the county with the setting of local boards under the Public Health Act 1848 and Local Government Act 1858. The Public Health Act 1875 divided the rural areas into rural sanitary districts. An administrative county of Monmouthshire, governed by an elected county council, was formed in 1889 under the terms of the Local Government Act 1888. The administrative county had similar boundaries, but included the Beaufort, Dukestown, Llechryd and Rassau areas of south Breconshire. The county council was based in Newport, rather than the historic county town of Monmouth. In 1891 the borough of Newport achieved county borough status and therefore left the administrative county, although the Shire Hall continued to be based there. In the same year the parish of Fwthog was transferred to both the administrative and geographic county of Monmouthshire. Under the Local Government Act 1894 Monmouthshire was divided into urban and rural districts, based on existing sanitary districts. In 1899 Abergavenny was incorporated as a borough. Two further urban districts were formed, Mynyddislwyn in 1903, and Bedwas and Machen in 1912. The County of Monmouth Review Order 1935 revised the number and boundaries of the urban and rural districts in the administrative county. A new Cwmbran urban district was formed by the abolition of Llanfrechfa Upper and Llantarnam UDs, Abersychan and Panteg UDs were absorbed by Pontypool urban district, and Magor and St Mellons RD was formed by a merger of two rural districts. The last major boundary change to affect the administrative and geographic county was in 1938 when the parish of Rumney was removed to be included in the county borough of Cardiff, and therefore the geographic county of Glamorgan. The administrative county of Monmouthshire and county borough of Newport were abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. Most of the area formed the new county of Gwent, with parts going to the new Rhymney Valley district of Mid Glamorgan and Cardiff district of South Glamorgan. Successor districts of Gwent were Blaenau Gwent, Islwyn, Monmouth, Newport and Torfaen. The name "Monmouthshire" was revived for one of the principal areas created on further local government reorganisation in 1996. The principal area covers only part of the historic county, which also includes the principal areas of Newport, Torfaen, most of Blaenau Gwent, and parts of Caerphilly and Cardiff. The preserved county of Gwent, which still exists for some ceremonial purposes, is similar in extent to historic Monmouthshire with the addition of the Rhymney Valley area.

Monsignor ("My Lord")

Military Order of the Purple Heart

Moray

Military Order of World Wars

Mozley & Whiteley

Mayflower Quarterly

Mister

Matrimonium ("Matrimony")

Mistress

Merenti ("To the Deserving")

Monsignor ("My Lord")

mulatto, person with one Caucasian and one Negro parent

Music

Modern Woodmen of America

Mary

Mysteries

Mythology

mother-in-law

masculine

marriage banns

meeting house

monument inscription

mustered out

mutatur terminatio versiculi ("the termination of the little verse is changed" Breviary)

married first

married second

married third

married fourth

married fifth

magistrate

major

making

maternal

member

membership

married contrary to Discipline (Quaker)

married

member, membership, memorials, memoir

mentioned

plural of mister

milligrams

military

military

minister

month

mother, month

death, corpse

months; married out of society (Quaker)

married out of unity (Quaker)

moved

manuscript

manuscripts

married to

meeting, mortgage

moved

my daughter

Nephew

Nonas ("Nones"), or Numero ("Number")

New

North British Review

Nostra Domina, Notre Dame ("Our Lady")

(Latin, note bene) meaning "note well" or

New England, North Eeast

New Hampshire

New Style

Novum Testamentum ("New Testament")

North West

The United States National Archives in Washington, D.C., Native American

Nairn

The United States National Archives and Records Administration

National Archives and Record Service

North African Theater (military)

Natural History

Natural order

National Archives Trust Fund

Nathaniel

Nativitas Domini Nostri Jesu Christi ("Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ")

North African Theater of Operations (military, WW2)

Nautical

Navy

Navigation

National Civil War Association (USA)

National Endowment for the Humanities

Nehemiah

Nehemiah

New England Historic Genealogical Register published by the NEHGS

New England Historic Genealogical Society

New American Cyclopedia

New Monthly Magazine

New French

National Fraternity of Military Pilots

National Genealogical Conference

Mew Greek

National Genealogical Society, National Geographical Society

National Geographical Society

A computer bulletin board system operated by the National Genealogical Society's Computer Interest Group strictly about genealogy

National Genealogical Society Quarterly

**Northamptonshire** ( /nɔrˈθæmptənʃər/ or /nɔrθˈhæmptənʃɪər/; archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants. or N/hants) is a landlocked county in the English East Midlands, with a population of 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with the ceremonial counties of Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west, and Lincolnshire to the north-east – England's shortest county boundary at 19 meters (21 yd). The county town is Northampton. Much of Northamptonshire’s countryside appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In about 500 BC the Iron Age was introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of the Hallstatt culture, and over the next century a series of hill-forts were constructed at Arbury Camp, Rainsborough camp, Borough Hill, Castle Dykes, Guilsborough, Irthlingborough, and most notably of all, Hunsbury Hill. There are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill (Badby) and Thenford. In the 1st century BC, most of what later became Northamptonshire became part of the territory of the Catuvellauni, a Belgic tribe, the Northamptonshire area forming their most northerly possession. The Catuvellauni were in turn conquered by the Romans in 43 AD. The Roman road of Watling Street passed through the county, and an important Roman settlement, Lactodorum, stood on the site of modern-day Towcester. There were other Roman settlements at Northampton, Kettering and along the Nene Valley near Raunds. A large fort was built at Longthorpe. After the Romans left, the area eventually became part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, and Northampton functioned as an administrative centre. The Mercians converted to Christianity in 654 AD with the death of the pagan king Penda. From about 889 the area was conquered by the Danes (as at one point was almost all of England except for Athelney marsh in Somerset) and became part of the Danelaw - with Watling Street serving as the boundary - until being recaptured by the English under the Wessex king Edward the Elder, son of Alfred the Great, in 917. Northamptonshire was conquered again in 940, this time by the Vikings of York, who devastated the area, only for the county to be retaken by the English in 942. Consequently, it is one of the few counties in England to have both Saxon and Danish town-names and settlements. The county was first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1011), as Hamtunscire: the scire (shire) of Hamtun (the homestead). The "North" was added to distinguish Northampton from the other important Hamtun further south: Southampton. Rockingham Castle was built for William the Conqueror and was used as a Royal fortress until Elizabethan times. The now-ruined Fotheringhay Castle was used to imprison Mary, Queen of Scots, before her execution. In 1460, during the Wars of the Roses, the Battle of Northampton took place and King Henry VI was captured. John Speed's 17th century map of NorthamptonshireGeorge Washington, the first President of the United States of America, was born into the Washington family who had migrated to America from Northamptonshire in 1656. George Washington's great-great-great-great-great grandfather, Lawrence Washington, was Mayor of Northampton on several occasions and it was he who bought Sulgrave Manor from Henry VIII in 1539. It was George Washington's great-grandfather, John Washington, who emigrated in 1656 from Northants to Virginia. Before Washington's ancestors moved to Sulgrave, they lived in Warton, Lancashire. During the English Civil War, Northamptonshire strongly supported the Parliamentarian cause, and the Royalist forces suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Naseby in 1645 in the north of the county. King Charles I was imprisoned at Holdenby House in 1647. In 1823 Northamptonshire was said to "[enjoy] a very pure and wholesome air" because of its dryness and distance from the sea. Its livestock were celebrated: "Horned cattle, and other animals, are fed to extraordinary sizes: and many horses of the large black breed are reared." Nine years later, the county was described as "a county enjoying the reputation of being one of the healthiest and pleasantest parts of England" although the towns were "of small importance" with the exceptions of Peterborough and Northampton. In summer, the county hosted "a great number of wealthy families... country seats and villas are to be seen at every step." Northamptonshire is still referred to as the county of "spires and squires" because of the numbers of stately homes and ancient churches. In the 18th and 19th centuries, parts of Northamptonshire and the surrounding area became industrialised. The local specialisation was shoemaking and the leather industry and by the end of the 19th century it was almost definitively the boot and shoe making capital of the world.[citation needed] In the north of the county a large ironstone quarrying industry developed from 1850. During the 1930s, the town of Corby was established as a major centre of the steel industry. Much of Northamptonshire nevertheless remains largely rural. Northamptonshire, like most English counties, is divided into a number of local authorities. The seven borough/district councils cover 15 towns and hundreds of villages. The county has a two-tier structure of local government and an elected county council based in Northampton, and is also divided into seven districts each with their own district or borough councils. Northampton itself is the most populous urban district in England not to be administered as a unitary authority (even though several smaller districts are unitary). During the 1990s local government reform, Northampton Borough Council petitioned strongly for unitary status, which led to fractured relations with the County Council. Before 1974, the Soke of Peterborough was considered geographically part of Northamptonshire, although it had had a separate county council since the late 19th Century and separate Quarter Sessions courts before then. Now part of Cambridgeshire, the city of Peterborough became a unitary authority in 1998, but it continues to form part of that county for ceremonial purposes.

New Hebrew

National Historical Publications and Records Commission

niece

Niece

Nicholas

Nicholas

Niger ("Black" Breviary)

Nephew-in-law

New Latin

National Library of Wales

(Latin, nomen nescio) meaning "not named" or "name unknown"

Nostris ("To Our" with a plural) or Numeri ("Numbers")

Nobis ("to us", "for us")

Naval Order of Battle

Nobilis, Nobiles ("Noble", "Nobles")

Nocturnum ("Nocturn")

Next of Kin (military)

Nonae ("Nones")

Norfolk

Norman French

North American Review

Norwegian

Noster, nostri ("Our", "of our")

Notitia ("Knowledge")

Nottingham

November

Notary Public

not reported (Census Soundex)

New Style (Gregorian) calendar also known as the "Western calendar", or "Christian calendar". It is currently the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582. The Gregorian claendar recognizes January 1 as the first day of the year; Nova Scotia

National Society of the Colonial Dames of America

National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution

National Society Sons and Daughters of the Pilgrims

Nostri ("Of our")

nurse

Nurse

National Union Catalog of Manuscript Colletions

Nullatenus ("Nowise")

Numbers

Numismatics

Nuptiae ("Nuptials")

North West Territory

Navy Widow's Certificate

nephew, name, north

no date

no place

no publisher given

no christian name

not available, not applicable, unknown

naturalized, not applicable, not attending meeting (Quaker)

named

neighbor

no date, not dated

neglecting attendance (Quaker)

nephew-in-law

nephew

neuter

no further information

nothing further known

no further record

not given

name, never married

named

no middle name

nominative

noted

no page (or publisher) given

nuncupative meaning a will or testament declared orally as opposed to in writing especially by a mortally wounded soldier or sailor

Officer

Hora ("Hour"), Obiit ("Died")

Old

Ordo Camaldulensium (Camaldolese)

Ordo Cartusiensis (Carthusians)

Ordo Cisterciensium (Cistercians)

Ordo Beatae Mariae Virginis de Redemptione Captivorum (Mercedarians, Nolaschi)

Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis (Trinitarians)

Order Book

Ordo C(h)aritatis (Fathers of the Order of Charity)

Ordo Carmelitarum Calceatorum (Carmelites)

Ordo Carmelitarum Discalceatorum (Discalced, or Barefoot, Carmelites)

Ordo Reformatorum Cisterciensium (Cistercians, Trappists)

Old England, Old English

Ordo Fratrum Minorum (Observant Franciscans)

Ordo Minorum Cappucinorum (Capuchins)

Ordo [Fratrum] Minimorum (Minims of St. Francis of Paola)

Ordo Minorum Cappucinorum (Capuchins)

Ordo Minorum Cappucinorum (Capuchins)

Oblati Mariae Immaculatae (Oblate Fathers of Mary Immaculate)

Ordo Praedicatorum (Dominicans)

Old Style, as in Old Style Date

Old Style

Ordo [Eremitarum] Sancti Augustini (Augustinians)

Ordo Sancti Benedicti (Benedictines)

Oblati Sancti Caroli (Oblate Fathers of St. Charles)

Ordinis Sancti Francisci Capuccini (Franciscan Capuchins)

Oblati Sancti Francisci Salesii (Oblate Fathers of St. Francis of Sales)

Ordo [Eremitarum] Sancti Hieronymi (Hieronymites)

Ordo Servorum Mariae (Servites)

Oblati Sacratissimi Cordis ("Oblate Fathers of the Sacred Heart")

Old Testament

Order of the Arrow (Boy Scouts)

Obiit ("Died")

Obadiah

Obiit In Christo ("Died In Christ")

Order of the British Empire

Ox and Bucks Light Infantry

Obsolescent

Order of Canada

Old Celtic

Online Computer Library Center

Octava ("Octave" Breviary)

Old Dutch

Old Danish

Old English

Order of the Eastern Star

Old French

Old Flemish

Old Frisian (Old Friesic)

Old Frisian (Old Friesic)

Old Gaelic

Old Greek

Order of the Holy Cross

Old High German

Old Icelandic

Old Irish

Old Italian

Old Latin

Oliver

Old Low German

Old Irish

OnLine Union Catalog

Organized Militia

Ordained Minister; Order of Merit

Order of Military Merit

Omnes, Omnibus ("All", "to all")

Omnes ("All")

Old Norse

Order of Preachers (Roman Catholicism; Dominican)

Optimus (Excellent, or Supremely Good)

Opere Citato ("In the work cited")

Online Public Access Catalogs

Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (British)

Old Persian

Old Portuguese

Old Polish

Old Parochial Records (for Scotland, kept in the Scottish Registry office)

Optics

Oratio ("Prayer" Breviary)

Orator ("Petitioner"), Oratorium ("Oratory")

Ordo, Ordinatio, Ordinarius ("Order", "Ordination", "Ordinary")

Ordo Praedicatorum (Dominicans)

Ordo Praemonstratensium (Premonstratensians, Norbertines)

Ordinationi ("Ordination" dat. case)

Ordinario ("Ordinary" dat. or abl. case)

Orkney

Ornithology

Old Style, Old Style or "Julian" calendar. The Julian calendar began in 45 BC (709 AUC) as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria. Evidence indicates it was designed to approximate the tropical year. The original Julian calendar began its year on 1 January though the recognized first day of the year changed a number of times over the centuries to include, 29 August, 30 August, 1 September, 23 September, 25 December, 1 March and 25 March.

Old Saxon

Order of St. Anne; Ordinis Sancti Augustini (of the order of St. Augustine)

Order of St. Benedict

Order of the Sons of Italy in America

Order of St. Luke the Physician

Old Slavic

Order of Servants of Mary

Old Spanish

Order of the Star Spangled Banner

Order of United American Mechanics

Oxford Glossary of Architecture

Oxford

Oxonium, Oxonienses ("Oxford", "Theologians or Scholars of Oxford")

oath, officer, old

only child

out of print

died without offspring

of this parish (British records)

opposite side, as in grave recording

(Latin, obiit caelebs) meaning "died a bachelor"

(Latin, obiit) meaning "died" or (Latin obdormio) which translates as "fell asleep" but often also means "died"

obituary, died

obsolete

occupation

official

official

often

ordained, ordinance, order, ordinary

organization

origin, original

original, originally

(Latin, obiit sine prole) meaning "died without issue"

out of unity (Quaker)

Patient

Pater, Pere ("Father")

Pax ("Peace"), or Pius ("Dutiful"), or Ponendum ("To be Placed"), or Pridie ("The Day Before"), or Plus ("More")

Post Consulatum ("After the Consulate")

Penny Cyclopedia

Piers Plowman

Poni Curavit ("Caused to be Placed"), Post Consulatum ("After the Consulate")

Poni Jussit ("Ordered to be Placed")

Pridie Kalendas ("The day before the Calends")

(Latin, post meridiem) meaning "after mid day", afternoon, Post Mortem, after death, Police Magistrate

Plus Minus ("More or Less"), or Piae Memoriae ("Of Pious Memory"), or Post Mortem ("After Death")

(Latin Post Meridiem) "Post" translates to "Post" which means "after". Meridiem translates to "meridian" which refers to an imaginary line running from the southern horizon, passing directly overhead then ending at the northern horizon thus dividing the sky in to two halves. When the sun is in the western half of the sky it was be said to be "Post Meridiem", or "after the meridian", or in mordern terms "after noon".

Post Office

Pretres de l'Oratoire, Presbyteri Oratorii (Oratorians)

Parochus ("Parish Priest" used mostly in Ireland)

Propria Pecunia Posuit ("Erected at his own expense")

Permanens Rector ("Permanent Rector")

Patriotic Service

Pia Societas Missionum (Fathers of the Pious Society of Missions, Pallottini)

Presbyteri Sancti Sulpicii, Pretres de S. Sulpice (Sulpicians)

Pax Tibi Cum Sanctis ("Peace to Thee With the Saints")

partner

Partner

papers submitted as in naturalization papers

Papa ("Pope"); Pater ("Father")

Public Access Catalog same as OPAC.

Pactum ("Agreement")

Personal Ancestry File computer program from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

Painting

Paleontology

Pascha ("Easter" Breviary)

Patrick

Pathology

Patriarcha ("Patriarch")

Patrolman's Benevolent Association

Presbyter ("Priest")

Prerogative Court of Canterbury (English wills)

A format to hold image information on a computer disk file

Prerogative Court of York (English wills)

Presiding Elder

Peebles

Pembroke

Penelope

Poenitentia ("Penance", or "repentance")

Poenitentiaria ("Penitentiary"; i.e. Bureau of the Apostolic Penitentiary)

Pentecostes ("Pentecost" Breviary)

Persian

Perspective

**Perth and Kinross** (Peairt agus Ceann Rois in Gaelic) is one of 32 council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. It borders onto the Aberdeenshire, Angus, Dundee City, Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling, Argyll and Bute and Highland council areas. Perth is the administrative centre. It corresponds broadly, but not exactly, with the former counties of Perthshire and Kinross-shire. Perthshire and Kinross-shire had a joint county council from 1929 until 1975. The area was created a single district in 1975, in the Tayside region, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, and then reconstituted as a unitary authority (with a minor boundary adjustment) in 1996, by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994.

Pertaining

Peruvian

Peter

Peter

Portuguese

Physician

The Order of Patrons Of Husbandry (Grange)

Philosophiae Baccalaureus ("Bachelor of Philosophy")

Philosophiae Magister ("Master of Philosophy")

Philosophiae Doctor ("Doctor of Philosophy")

Pharmacy, Pharmacop

Doctor of Philosophy

Philosophia ("Philosophy")

Phillipians

Philip or Phillip

Philadelphia

Philemon

Philology

Philosophy

Phinias

Phonetics

Photography

Photometry

Phrenology

Phillis

Physics

Physical Science

Physiology

Preliminary Inventories

(Filby's) Passenger Lists and Immigration Index

Probate Judge of the Peace

Polish Legion of American Veterans

Poor Law Board

preparative meeting (Quaker)

Praesentium ("Of those present" or "Of this present writing")

Power of Attorney

Port of Entry

Posse ("To be able" or "The ability to do a thing")

Poenitentia ("Penance")

Poenitentiaria Apostolica ("Office of the Apostolic Penitentiary")

Poetry, Poetical

Polish

Political Economy

Political Economy

Pontificatus ("Pontificate")

Pontifex Maximus ("Supreme Pontiff")

Pontificatus ("Pontificate")

Polular Science Monthly

porter

Porter

Patriotic Sons of America

Possessor, Possessio ("Possessor", "Possession")

Papa ("Pope")

Papa ("Pope"); Pontificum ("Of the popes")

Praepositus ("Placed over")

Patres Amplissimi ("Cardinals")

per power of Attorney

Prisoner

Pater ("Father")

Proven

Pridie Kalendas ("The Day Before the Calends")

Pridie Nonas ("The Day Before the Nones")

Praefatio ("Preface" of the Mass Breviary)

Presbyter ("Priest")

Preface

Presbyter, Priest

Principal

Printing

Priscilla

Priscilla

Public Records Office (British)

Professus, Professio, Professor ("Professed", "Profession", "Professor")

Public Records Office of Northern Ireland

Propaganda Fide (Congregation of the Propaganda, Rome)

Proprium ("Proper" Breviary)

Procurator

Prosody

Provisio, Provisum ("Provision", "Provided")

Prudence

Private

Psalmus ("Psalm")

Psalms

Praefertur ("Is preferred" or "Is brought forward")

Praefatus ("Aforesaid")

pupil

Pupil

Publicus, Publice ("Public", "Publicly")

Publicus, Publice ("Public", "Publicly")

Purgatio Canonica ("Canonical Disculpation")

Pyro-electricity

Pie Zeses ("May you Live Piously" Greek)

(Latin, post) meaning "after, behind, afterwards, presently or shortly", page

participle, page

participial adjective

power of attorney

past participle

present participle

parish record

prorare vexilla, patriotically

pamphlet

parish, parent, parents

passive

patent, patented, paternal

purchased

people

perhaps

perhaps

person

petition

petition

petitioner

page

pioneer

plural

plantiff

pages

pages

proved, probated, prisoner, prince, princess

produced a certificate (Quaker)

preceding

preposition

present

preterit

principally

privative

probable, probably

probably

Pronunciation, pronounced, pronoun

property

properly

proprietor(s)

provincial

provision

parish

point, port, petition, pint

plaintiff

public, published, publisher, publication

private

payment

Queen

Quiescit ("He Rests")

Qui Bixit (for Vixit) Annos ("Who lived ... years")

Quiescat In Pace ("May he or she Rest in Peace")

Qui Vixit ("Who Lived")

Quod ("Because", "That" or "Which")

Quaker

quarter master (military), quarterly meeting (Quaker)

Quomodolibet ("In any manner whatsoever")

Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders

Quatenus ("Insofar as")

Quadragesima ("Lent", also the "Fortieth day" before Easter Breviary)

Quarterly Review

Quiescit ("He Rests")

Quinquagesima (The "Fiftieth day" before Easter

From the Latin quod vide meaning (which see)

(Latin, quod suivre) meaning "which follows"

(Latin, quod vide) meaning "which see"

query

Roomer

Range, Rabbi, River, Road

Roma (Rome)

Requiescit ("He Rests"), or Refrigerio ("In Refreshment" or "in a place of Refreshment")

Rare

Roman Catholic

Roman Catholic Church

Robert of Brunne

Robert of Gloucester

Reverendus Pater, Reverend Pere ("Reverend Father")

Roman Catholic

Rural Dean

Record Group (used in archives)

Requiescat In Pace ("May he or she rest in peace")

Rachel

Radnor

Raymond

Railway Carmen of America

Rogationists Cordis Jesu (formal name for Rogationists a Roman Catholic Order of Men)

release of dower rights

records

Rebecca

Regionis ("Of the Region")

Reginald

Registrar General

Religione ("Religion" or "Religious Order" abl. case)

**Renfrewshire** (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Rinn Friù) is one of 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland. Located in the west central Lowlands, it is one of three council areas contained within the boundaries of the historic county of Renfrewshire, the others being Inverclyde to the west and East Renfrewshire to the east. The term Renfrewshire may also be used to refer to this historic county, also known as the County of Renfrew or Greater Renfrewshire, which remains in use as a registration county and lieutenancy area. Although containing the traditional county town of Renfrew, from which its name derives, the centre of local government in Renfrewshire is found in the nearby town of Paisley, which is the area's main settlement. Renfrewshire borders the south-west of Glasgow, lying on the south bank of the River Clyde, and contains many of Glasgow's commuter towns and villages. The ancient county of Renfrewshire covered a larger area — including both Inverclyde and East Renfrewshire. This area still exists in the form of a lieutenancy area and registration county, and has a statutory funding board called the Renfrewshire Valuation Joint Board. The county was traditionally based around its seat, the Royal Burgh of Renfrew and as such was also known as the County of Renfrew. There was also a district named Renfrew which existed between 1975 and 1996. Renfrew District covered a slightly larger area than the present local authority area, and included the towns of Barrhead, Neilston and Uplawmoor, which, following the abolition of Strathclyde Regional Council region in 1996, were transferred into the new East Renfrewshire unitary local authority.

Report of Secretary of War

Requiescat ("May he [or she] rest", i.e. in peace)

Rescriptum ("Rescript")

Responsum ("Reply")

Genealogy program

Revelation

Revised Version (of the Bible)

Revolutionary War

Registered Genealogist

Royal Guernsey Light Infantry

Rhetoric

Royal Highland Fusiliers

Richard

Richard

Richard

Roots III (ROOTS3) genealogy software program (TM) (Comsoft, Inc)

(Latin, requiescat in pace) meaning "rest in peace"

Ritus ("Rite", "Rites")

Royal Jersey Light Infantry

Regulari ("Regular")

Returned to Military Control (Military)

Royal Marine Light Infantry

Royal Neighbors of America

Robert

Ross & Cromarty

Roger

Roman

Romanus, Romana ("Roman")

Roman, Romans

Roman Catholic

Romaunt of the Rose

Romana ("Roman")

a mailing list of subscribers who are interested in genealogy

Boxburgh

reports

Regimental Quartermaster (US Civil War)

railroad

Rerum ("Of Things, Subjects" e.g. SS. RR. Ital., Writers on Italian historical subjects), Regesta

The Royal Scots Fusiliers

Karen's Roots Surname List

Real Soon Now

Religious Society Of Friends (Quakers)

Right Reverend

Returned to Duty (military)

Royal Templars of Temperance

Ruber ("Red" Breviary)

Rubrica ("Rubric")

Royal Ulster Constabulary

Russian

Rutland

Revolutionary War (USA)

rated

recorded; received

recorder

receipt

regarding

record; recorded; recorded a document; received

received by request (Quaker)

register

relative-in-law

relative, relict

relieved

released from care of (Quaker)

released by request (Quaker)

remove, removed

renunciation, renounced

report, representative, reprint, reprinted

replaced, replacement

repudiated

research, residence, resides, resided

respectively

retained membership (Quaker)

retired, returned

reversed

registrar

relinquished

reported married (to)

received on certificate (Quaker)

received on certificate from (Quaker)

received on letter (Quaker)

received on letter from (Quaker)

reported

requested certificate (Quaker)

requested certificate to (Quaker)

requested to come under care (Quaker)

request, requests, requested

reinstate, reinstated (Quaker)

Son

sister in law

Sacrum ("Sacred")

Suus ("His"), or Situs ("Placed"), or Sepulchrum ("Sepulchre")

Sanctum Officium (Congregation of the Holy Office, Inquisition)

Sanctus Petrus ("St. Peter")

Sanctus, Sancti ("Saint", "Saints")

Sacra Congregatio ("Sacred Congregation")

Salesianorum Congregatio (Congregation of St. Francis of Sales Salesian Fathers)

Sacra Congregatio Concilii ("Sacred Congregation of the Council", i.e. of Trent)

Sacra Congregatio Episcoporum et Regularium ("Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars")

Sacra Congregatio Indicis ("Sacred Congregation of the Index")

Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide ("Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith")

Servus Dei (Servant of God)

Societas Divini Salvatoris ("Society of the Divine Saviour")

Societas Divini Verbi (Fathers of the Divine Word)

southeast

Spiritus In Deo ("Spirit in God" or Spirit rests in God")

Societas Jesu ("Society of Jesus" also known as the Jesuits)

Canonici Regulares Sancti Joannis Cantii (Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius)

Sanctae Memoriae ("Of Holy Memory")

Societas Mariae (Marists)

Summus Pontifex ("Supreme Pontiff", Pope)

Sepultus ("Buried"), or Sepulchrum ("Sepulchre")

Sacrum Palatium Apostolicum ("Sacred Apostolic Palace", Vatican, Quirinal)

Societas Patrum Misericordiae (Fathers of Mercy)

Sacra Rituum Congregatio ("Sacred Congregation of Rites")

Sancta Romana Ecclesia, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesia ("Most Holy Roman Church" or, "of the Most Holy Roman Church")

Societas Sanctissimi Sacramenti (Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament)

Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus ("Bachelor of Sacred Theology")

Sacrae Theologiae Doctor ("Doctor of Sacred Theology")

Sacrae Theologiae Licentiatus ("Licentiate of Sacred Theology")

Sanctae Theologiae Professor ("Professor of Sacred Theology")

Sanctitas Vestra ("Your Holiness")

Sacra Virgo ("Holy Virgin")

sailor

Sailor

Sabbatum ("Sabbath", Saturday)

Sabbatum ("Sabbath", Saturday)

Sacrum ("Sacred")

Stamped Addressed Envelope (British)

Saeculum (Century)

saleslady

Saleslady

Salus, Salutis ("Salvation", "of Salvation")

Salmanticenses (Theologians of Salamanca)

Salutari ("Salutary")

Samaritan

Samuel

Sons of the American Revolution

Sarah

self-addressed stamped envelope

Saturday Review

Saxon

stepbrother

Stepbrother

Step brother-in-law

Superior Court (USA)

Sanctae Memoriae ("Of Holy Memory")

Scandinavian

Science

Scientific American

step child

Step child

Scotland, Scottish

Scripture, Scriptural

Sanctus ("Saint")

Sculpture

Sons of Confederate Veterans

Stepdaugther

Sedit ("He sat")

Seventh Day Adventists

Step daughter-in-law

Society of the Descendants of Washington's Army at Valley Forge

servant

Servant's child

Selkirk

Semiduplex ("Semi" double feast Breviary)

September

Septuagesima ("Seventieth day" before Easter; always a Sunday Breviary)

Serbian

Servian

Sexagesima ("Sixtieth day" before Easter Breviary)

South Eastern Yearly Meeting (Quaker)

stepfather

Stepfather

Step father-in-law

Societe Genealogique Canadienne francaise

Step granddaughter

Step grandson

Shakespeare

**Shetland** (from Middle Scots Ȝetland; Scottish Gaelic: Sealtainn) is a subarctic archipelago in Scotland, off the northeast coast. The islands lie some 80 km (50 mi) to the northeast of Orkney and 280 km (170 mi) southeast of the Faroe Islands and form part of the division between the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. The total area is 1,468 km2 (567 sq mi) and the population totalled 22,210 in 2009. Comprising the Shetland constituency of the Scottish Parliament, Shetland is also one of the 32 council areas of Scotland; the islands' administrative centre and only burgh is Lerwick. The largest island, known simply as "Mainland", has an area of 967 km2 (373 sq mi), making it the third-largest Scottish island and the fifth-largest of the British Isles. There are an additional 15 inhabited islands. The archipelago has an oceanic climate, a complex geology, a rugged coastline and many low, rolling hills. Humans have lived there since the Mesolithic period, and the earliest written references to the islands date back to Roman times. The early historic period was dominated by Scandinavian influences, especially Norway, and the islands did not become part of Scotland until the fifteenth century. When Shetland became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 trade with northern Europe decreased, although fishing has continued to be an important aspect of the economy up to the present day. The discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s significantly boosted incomes, employment and public sector revenues. The local way of life reflects the joint Norse and Scottish heritage including the Up Helly Aa fire festival, and a strong musical tradition, especially the traditional fiddle style. The islands have produced a variety of writers of prose and poetry, many of whom use the local Shetlandic dialect. There are numerous areas set aside to protect the local fauna and flora, including a number of important seabird nesting sites. In 43 and 77 AD the Roman authors Pomponius Mela and Pliny the Elder referred to the seven islands they call Haemodae and Acmodae respectively, both of which are assumed to be Shetland. Another early written reference to the islands may have been when Tacitus reported that the Roman fleet had seen "Thule" from Orkney in AD 98. In early Irish literature, Shetland is referred to as Inse Catt—"the Isles of Cats", which may have been the pre-Norse inhabitants' name for the islands. The Cat tribe also occupied parts of the northern Scottish mainland and their name can be found in Caithness, and in the Gaelic name for Sutherland (Cataibh, meaning "among the Cats"). The oldest version of the modern name Shetland is Hetlandensis recorded in 1190 becoming Hetland in 1431 after various intermediate transformations. It is possible that the Pictish "cat" sound forms part of this Norse name. It then became Hjaltland in the 16th century. As Norn was gradually replaced by Scots, Hjaltland became Ȝetland. The initial letter is the Middle Scots letter, "yogh", the pronunciation of which is almost identical to the original Norn sound, "/hj/". When the use of the letter yogh was discontinued, it was often replaced by the similar-looking letter z, hence Zetland, the mis-spelled form used to describe the pre-1975 county council. Most of the individual islands have Norse names, although the derivations of some are obscure and may represent pre-Norse, possibly Pictish or even pre-Celtic names or elements.

Shropshire

sister

Sister

Sigillum ("Seal")

Sylvester

Simon

Simplex ("Simple" feast Breviary)

Archival storage area for files

Sine Commemoratione ("Without commemoration" of other feast, or feasts Breviary)

Sanskrit

son-in-law

Son-in-law

Slavonic

Salt Lake City

stepmother

Stepmother

Step mother-in-law

Sententia ("Opinion")

Sanctae ("Holy" or "Saints" feminine)

Survivors' Originals

Socius, Socii ("Companion", "Companions" Breviary)

Society of Genealogists (British)

Solomon

Somerset

A method of translating a name to a one letter code followed by three numerical digits. The aim of the translation is to render all names which sound alike (or sufficiently similar) to the same code.

Special Order War Department (US Civil War)

Spanish

Specialiter ("Specially")

Specifically

Spiritualibus ("In spiritual matters")

Sister

stepson

Stepson

Scriptores ("Writers")

Sanctorum (Of the Saints)

Sanctissimus Dominus Noster ("Our Most Holy Lord Jesus Christ", also a title of the Pope)

Subscripta ("Subscribed")

Social Security Death Index (USA)

Stepsister

Step sister-in-law

Step son-in-law

Stafford

Statuary

Stephen or Steven

**Stirling** (Scots: Stirlin, Scottish Gaelic: Sruighlea) is one of the 32 unitary local government council areas of Scotland, and has a population of about 87,000 (2005 estimate). It was created under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994 with the boundaries of the Stirling district of the former Central local government region, and it covers most of the former county of Stirling (except Falkirk) and the south-western portion of the former county of Perth. Both counties were abolished for local government purposes under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. The administrative centre of the area is the city of Stirling. The area borders the council areas of Clackmannanshire (to the east), Falkirk (to the south east), Perth and Kinross (to the north and north east), Argyll and Bute (to the north and north west), and both East and West Dunbartonshire, both to Stirling's southwest.

Superintendent

superintendant

Suffolk

Suffragia ("Suffrages" i.e. prayers of the saints Breviary)

Supplicationibus ("Supplication" dat. or abl. case)

Surgery

Surrey

Surveying

Susan or Susanna

Susanna

Sussex

Sutherland

Sons of Union Veterans

Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (USA)

Silicaon Valley Personal Ancestral File Users Group

Swedish

Seriously Wounded in Action (military)

Sydenham Society Lexicon

Synodus ("Synod")

Synonyms

Synopsis

Syriac

SYStem OPerator a Person that maintains a computer Buletin Board System

said

son(s); soldier; survivor; spinster; successor; shilling; south; (French sire) lord; shilling (a unit of English money)

son and heir

(Latin, suo jure) meaning "in one's own right"

sine loco ("without indication" of place of printing)

sine loco nec data ("without indication of place" or "without date of printing")

(Latin, sine prole) meaning "without offspring"

(Latin, sine prole legitima) meaning "without legitimate offspring"

(Latin, sine prole mascula) meaning "without male offspring"

son of

From the Latin scilicet meaning (being understood)

scattering, scattered

second, secretary, section, sector, security

separated; september

sergeant

service, servant

settlers, settler

several

(French, seigneur) meaning

share, ship

(Latin, sic) meaning "thus, as such, in such a manner or as written"

son-in-law

From the Latin sine meaning without

singular

sister

From the Latin sine meaning without

society, societies

a Usenet newsgroup for people interested in genealogy

(Latin, sine prole) meaning "without children"

special bail

special imparlance

spelling, spelled

(Latin, sine prole femina) meaning "without daughters"

(Latin, sine prole legitima) meaning "without legitimate issue"

(Latin, sine prole mascula) meaning "without sons"

(Latin, sine prole mascula superstite) meaning "without surviving sons"

sponsor

(Latin, sine prole superstite) meaning

senior

surnames

saint, street, state

subjunctive

supply, superior

superlative

superintendant

surety

surgeon

swear; sworn

syllable

Township

Titulus, Tituli ("Title", "Titles")

town copy

The American Genealogist (quarterly journal published since 1922)

Tartaric

Telegraphy

Tempus, Tempore ("Time", "in time")

Tenant

Testes, Testimonium ("Witnesses", "Testimony")

Testament

The Family Edge computer genealogy program

Theodore

Theologia ("Theology")

Theology

Thessalonians

Theologia ("Theology")

Thomas

Thanks In Advance

Temple (Records) Index Bureau, Temple Index Bureau file.

A format to hold image data picture on a computer disk file

Timothy

Timothy

Titulus, Tituli ("Title", "Titles")

("Titles")

Tantum ("So much" or "Only")

Testamentum ("Testament")

The Master Genealogist computer genealogy program

Tiny Tafels Software genealogy program also Tafel Matching System

Tamen ("Nevertheless")

Todd & Bowman

Township

Translation

Treasury

Temple Records Index Bureau

Trigonometry

A computer program that is run and then Terminated and Stays Resident in the memory of the computer untill the computer is shut down.

Third Order of St. Francis

Tiny-Tafel

Titulus, Tituli ("Title", "Titles")

Turkish

Tennessee Valley Authority

Texas Veterans Commission

Typography

title page

title page mutilated

title page wanting

taken

temporarily

tenant

termination

territory

witness

though

thought

through

town, township

topographical

troop, translated, translation

transcribed

transferred

translation

treasurer

town

township

territory

uncle

Uncle

United States

United States Dispensatory

United States Internal Revenue Statutes

United States Pharmacop

United Kingdom

United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America

United Confederate Veterans

United Daughters of America

United Daughters of the Confederacy

Ultimate Family Tree (software)

Uncle-in-law

Ultimo ("Last" day, month, year)

University

Upper

Ursula

United States Coast Guard

United States Colored Troops

USGenWeb (online collective providing genealogical resources via linked webpages)

U.S. Information Agency

United States Internet Genealogical Society

United States Marine Corps

United States Navy

Usque ("As far as")

United States Volunteers (US Civil War)

United States Works Progress Administration

Uxor ("Wife")

under care of (Quaker)

(Latin ultimo) meaning "of last month"

unknown

unassigned

uncle

uniting, united

unknown

unmarried

unorganized

using profane language (Quaker)

usually

(Latin uxor) wife

Vester ("Your")

Vixit ("He Lived"), or Vixisti ("Thou didst Live")

Very Reverend

Vivas, Care (or Cara) ("Mayest thou Live, Dear One"), or Uxor Carissima ("Most Dear Wife")

Vir Clarissimus ("A Most Illustrious Man")

Minister of the word of God

Vicarius Foraneus ("Vicar Forane")

Vicarius Generalis ("Vicar General")

Vir Honestus ("A Worthy Man")

Vulgar Latin

Vir Magnificus ("Great Man")

Vetus Testamentum

Vacat, Vacans ("Vacant")

Valor ("Value")

Valentine

Vaticanus ("Vatican")

Vir Bonus ("A Good Man")

Verba ("Words")

a computer video display terminal

Venerabilis, Venerabiles ("Venerable")

Venerabili ("Venerable")

Versiculus ("Versicle" Breviary)

Vesperae ("Vespers" Breviary)

Vester ("Your")

Veterinary

Veterans of Foreign Wars

visitor

Visitor

Vicarius Foraneus ("Vicar Forane")

Vidua ("Widow" Breviary)

Videlicet ("Namely")

Vigilia ("Vigil" of a feast Breviary)

Vincent

Violaceus ("Violet" Breviary)

Very Important Person

Virgo ("Virgin" Breviary)

Viridis ("Green" Breviary)

Viscount, Viscountess

Vitruvius

Vestrae ("Your")

Veteran Reserve Corps (US Civil War)

Venerabilis, Venerabiles ("Venerable")

Viri Clarissimi ("Most Illustrious Men")

Vermont Volunteer Infantry (US Civil War)

verb

From the Latin vixit annos meaning (s)he lived (a certain number) years

intransitive verb

vital records

vital statistics

transitive verb

various, variation, variant

variety

verbal noun

(Latin, vita fratris) meaning "in the lifetime of his brother"

vital

(Latin, videlicet) meaning "of course, to be sure, clearly, plainly or namely"

(Latin, vita matris) meaning "in the lifetime of his mother"

volunteers, volumes

(Latin, vita patris) meaning

(Latin, vita sororis) meaning

(Welsh, verch) meaning "daughter of"

Wife

wife; week; white(meaning caucasian)

Welsh

Will Book

Warrant Officer

Writer to the Signet

warden

Warden

Women's Army Corp

waitress

Waitress

Wallachian

Walter

Ward

Warwick

Westminster Catechism

Westminster Review

Wigtown

Wiltshire

Winifred

workman

Workman

West Lothian

William

Westmoreland

Worcestershire

Woodmen Of The World

Woodmen Of The World

Works Progress Administration

Women's Relief Corps

Western Reserve Historical Society

waiter

Waiter

World War One

World War Two

will dated

will probated, will proved, white poll

with consent of

wife of

with power (Quaker)

wagoner

widow, ward

wife

wife of

who, which

widow

widower

witness

week(s)

wants

worked

witness

widow

widow of

widower

The Greek letter X which is pronounced Kai meaning Christ or Christian, a mark made by a person instead of a signature

Christus ("Christ")